Violence Exposure Among Children of Incarcerated Mothers Free Essay Example, 4000 words

The discussions section of the findings of research provides a review of the findings in relation to important concepts and theories. Normally, this includes important theories described and analyzed in the literature review section of the research. However, this is preceded by a logical presentation of findings in order to show the reader of the article the important things that were unveiled in the study. This will help to provide important guidelines on what was discovered in the study. This aids in the discussions and theorization. Credibility and Dependability of the ResearchThe credentials and competency of the researchers add up to the credibility of the research. This is because the researchers have a reputation for gaining a good education and a lot of experience. Their writing style presents a high level of competency and control over the topic. The two authors complement each other and this provides a high level of credibility for the article. The findings are dependable because they provide an insight into a matter that is not normally studied. And the approach used provides a practical and real-life system of analyzing and reviewing the relevant circumstances. We will write a custom essay sample on Violence Exposure Among Children of Incarcerated Mothers or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The interviews seem to be dependable as they followed all the necessary rules and came out right with the best levels of results. Presentation of FindingsThe fundamental findings are summarized and presented statistically and given in general terms. This is a good effort for putting out the core findings and important trends. This provides a general framework of the realities that were uncovered in the study and the process. Afterward, the findings are put together under six dominant classes where the highlights of the most extreme cases and issues are presented for discussions. This is done in a way and manner that the most extreme narrations are presented and extracts of these narrations are discussed to provide important trends of what people are actually facing and going through. This gives the reader an important idea of what people are going through and how it affects them in the most important manner.

This Boy s Life By Tobias Wolff - 1671 Words

This Boy s Life, by Tobias Wolff (Wolff, 1993), is a 1950’s memoir describing the intimate emotional events during Tobias Wolff’s dysfunctional and difficult adolescent years. I believe the purpose of this memoir was not only to document this specific time in Tobias’ life, but this film was a way to raise awareness toward domestic violence. Wolff really did a good job at captivating his audience. Using a variety of family violence topics this resource includes: Abandonment when Tobias’s father ceased to be involved in Tobias’ life and when his mother frequently was not around; child abuse when his mother’s boyfriend would physically abuse Tobias; adolescent abuse when his step-father abused Tobias mentally, physically, and emotionally; domestic abuse between Tobias’ mother and her partners; and substance abuse was shown through everyone in the story whether it was alcohol or drugs. I believe the author portrayed family violence accura tely and he exposed the seriousness of the topic truthfully. I noticed myself feeling angry at times when serious physical abuse was taking place, I think mainly because I felt so helpless. For this paper, I will mainly focus on Tobias a.k.a. Jack and adolescent abuse. Tobias, who preferred to be called ‘Jack’ (this is how he will be referred to now for the remainder of this paper), went through so many difficult challenges growing up. He and his brother came from a typical nuclear family set in the 1950’s. By the age of ten, Jack’sShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Tobias Wolff s This Boy s Life 1863 Words   |  8 PagesTobias Wolff’s memoir, This Boy’s Life, concentrates on the intense physical and emotional abuse Toby endured throughout his adolescence. Toby spent the majority of his juvenile years wandering around the United States as his divorced mother struggled to find employment and deprived her son of any affection. Eventually, Tobyâ⠂¬â„¢s mother Rosemary met a man named Dwight who promised her and her son a better life. Rosemary makes the decision to move Toby to Chinook, Washington with Dwight in an attemptRead MoreAnalysis Of Tobias Wolff s This Boy s Life 1046 Words   |  5 PagesTobias Wolff’s prepositional memoir, This Boy’s Life, positions the audience to question the role that luck plays in the lives of the characters, particularly Toby and his mother. This account of growing up in post-war America on his life from 1955 to 1965 allows Wolff to reflect on the restrictions imposed on the disenfranchised family by societal norms that prevent them from achieving their dreams of progression through the social hierarchy. Luck plays a very minimal role in the memoir as the characters’Read MoreEssay about Tobias Wolff1522 Words   |  7 PagesTobias Wolff Tobias Wolff, a boy of a troubled childhood, and a very tough father. Tobias Wolff had no intentions of being a writer from the start; it just seemed to of popped into his life. The Amazing part about this writer is that he was not supported by anyone but himself. His father was against everything that he did, and his brother, Geoffrey, also a writer would always take his fathers side, leaving Tobias on a side of his own. â€Å"I wasn’t fair, I always took my father’s side.† Said GeoffreyRead MoreTobias Wolff s The Rich Brother964 Words   |  4 Pagesjourney. Life is similar to a play; parents pass away during the first half; while one’s children come in during the second half; but siblings are there throughout both acts. Tobias Wolff’s, The Rich Brother, portrays the relationship between two brothers that are complete opposites; yet they know each other’s strengths and weaknesses better than anyone else will ever be able. The Rich Brother describes a complex sibling relationship that is fairly common in today’s society; Tobias Wolff makes useRead MoreTobias Wolff s `` Dirty Realism `` Essay1040 Words   |  5 PagesChallenging readers morals and making stories interesting to read is an extremely challenging task to accomplish, but the author Tobias Wolff manages to achieve this. Wolff uses shifts in tone and point of view to his advantage in many of his stories bringing a reader along a carefully crafted pathway of emotions that help to further the meaning of the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Tobias Wolff would have never been successful in his short stories had it not been for his childhood.   He lived in Washington state with hisRead MoreHenrik Wolff : The Dead End Of Western Civilization1394 Words   |  6 PagesOf Western Civilization by Douglas Haddow, and Bullet in the Brain by Tobias Wolff, the authors choose to make use of intellectual diction in order to indicate the idea that an absence of spontaneity is holding society back. In Bullet in the Brain by Tobias Wolff, main character Anders is described as being sarcastic, cynical, and argumentative. Anders is a very serious man who has been through a lot of hardships in his life that have made him the cynical man that he is today. Because he is a bookRead MoreAnalysis Of This Boys Life1529 Words   |  7 PagesTabula rasa. A phrase originating from Latin that is translated to â€Å"clean slate.† John Locke, a philosopher, coined this term to coincide with his theory that each human is born without any pre-existing traits or views of the world. To those who share Locke’s conception, one could understand how easily Tobias Wolff conformed to the negative impacts he had grown up with. He is the equivalent of an unwritten book with the potential for success and academic achievement but tainted with abandonment andRead MoreThe Myth Of Gender Roles2384 Words   |  10 Pages The myth of gender roles plays a pivotal role in This Boy’s Life- A Memoir by Tobias Wolff. Specifically, the myth of masculinity shapes much of the actions and experiences that occur. Toxic masculinity is commonly described as socially-constructed attitudes that describe men as being violent, unemotional, and sexually aggressive. The rules of masculinity that are implied in the memoir include displays of physical dominance such as fighting against others, use of weapons for power and control,Read MoreThe And The Brain By Tobias Wolff974 Words   |  4 Pagessuch as love, hate, or anger. Hate, on the other hand, is defined as â€Å"to express strong dislike for; criticize or abuse† (Oxford). In the story, Bullet in the Brain by Tobias Wolff, the main character Anders, is very passionate about words. This very thing that he loves so much ends up being the thing he hates the most in life. Anders was a jaded critic and the story begins simply enough with him standing in line inside the bank. He was standing behind two women who were really getting onRead MoreThis Boys Life Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pages This Boy’s Life â€Å"Every year more than 3.6 million referrals are made to child protection agencies involving more than 6.6 million children,† (Child Abuse Statistics, 2017). In This Boy’s Life by Tobias Wolff, we discover the desperate, harsh, and cruel life of a boy named Jack. The novel begins with the young boy acting out negatively to catch his mother’s inattentive eye. He has no one to notice his behavior, either good or bad. He earnestly desires a place in his mother preoccupied life and

Management Control System in Hungry Jacks

Question: Discuss about the Management Control System in Hungry Jacks. Answer: Introduction Management control system assists in gathering and utilizing information related with enterprises in order to evaluate how the company is performing and utilizing its varied resources like human and financial structure to create competitive edge among consumers (Coenders et al., 2003). Jamil and Mohamed (2013) claim management control mechanism to be widely applied by organisations as a conceptual framework that helps them to improve personnel decision-making and actions in accordance with organisational desired gaols. An enterprise in order to survive in the globalised environment must support a performance measurement system that apart from superior organisational performance ensures better stakeholder management (Ho, Huang and Wu, 2011; Daniels, 2007). The purpose of doing this assignment is to analyse how Hungry Jacks, an Australian fast food chain, is managing its control system to improve its overall performance. In opinion of Armesh, Salarzehi and Kord (2010), in current compl ex business environment where activities are constantly changing with respect to government influence and external factors, firms requires implementing strategies that ensures sustainability in long-run. Therefore for analysing the performance of Hungry Jacks various aspects related with vision, mission, structure, financial responsibility and personnel control will be analysed. Vision, Mission and Strategic Objective of Hungry Jacks In 1971, Hungry Jacks launched its first store in Innaloo, Australia where outlets initial success encouraged the company to expand its business further (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). In its starting years, the enterprise worked under franchise of Burger King Corporation however in 1990 few changes in agreement were made by the company (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). As per these changes, Competitive Foods was permitted to open Hungry Jacks first independent outlet and later several stores were opened under the trademark of companys own name (IBIS World, 2016). Currently the enterprise is having its presence in Australia throughout its every state with nearly 340 stores and has been successful in generating a strong brand image among its consumer (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). Mission of any company explains the ultimate purpose for being in the market and what it desire to achieve through its business whereas vision provides direction to enterprises as what it want to become in coming years (Papulova, 2014) . Phanuel and Darbi (2012) argue vision and mission of enterprise to play a significant role in strategic development where principles mentioned under these are helpful in managing the day-to-day activities and employees actions. The mission of Hungry Jacks has been to ensure that customers visiting at their place are offered with great food and is superior at quality, service and cleanliness in every hour or day of their arrival (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). The company believes in promoting innovative vision among personnel by implementing four key values; giving maximum importance to visitors, ensuring their safety, enabling integrity and improving its performance consistently based on consumer requirements (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). Being in service industry, Muogbo (2014) has pointed out that customer priority as the most influential strategy to survive, retain and compete strongly against other competitors. Hungry Jacks is not only efficient in managing its customers requirements with the help of varied services like organising birthday events for kids but also involves maximum participation of community to make the society a better place for living. For instance, the entity entered into strategic partnership with Keep Australia Beautiful under which all its packaging consists the logo of Bag it and Bin it to persuade consumers to dispose the garbage responsively (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). The strategic objective of the enterprise is to improve profitability and brand image through superior customer servicing and promoting sustainability in environment. Organizational Structure The organisational structure of the enterprise is formal (hierarchical) where activities and responsibilities of the entity are shared among different personnel under various levels (Groucutt and Hopkins, 2015). Figure 1 illustrates the organisational structure at Hungry Jacks where CEO of the company have ultimate power over all other personnel placed below like General, Finance, Marketing, Sales, Customer Service and Sourcing Manager. Figure 1: Organisational Structure at Hungry Jack's (Source: Hungry Jacks Pty Ltd, 2012) Apart from hiring different divisional head for departments like finance and customer service the company hires project committee officers to reduce complexities occurring while undertaking work (Hungry Jacks Pty Ltd, 2012). In spite of having hierarchical structure at stores the CEO of company creates an innovative work environment where people are encouraged for continuous training and development for superior career progression. For instance, in 2009 College of Executive development (CED) was initiated by the enterprise as an internal platform that offers people with enhanced engagement and communication platform (Charlton Media Group, 2016). While dealing with changing requirements of people the business structure of company has experienced significant alternations like nutritional improvements in the menu that requires to be communicated instantly to staff to ensure strong presentation at front line (Charlton Media Group, 2016). Additionally, in order to encourage people to work hard for the organisation, the enterprise have introduced superior pay structure as compared to its other competitors like KFC (PayScale, 2016). The average salary per month of a fast food worker at Hungry Jacks has been found to be AU $20,381-39,875 while Assistant Manager and Kitchen hand are offered nearly AU $35,263-51,250 and AU $32,833-48,288 respectively (PayScale, 2016). Moreover, it also provides people with bonus where in accordance with research average bonus given by company to retail store Assistant mangers has found to be AU $ 1,150 (PayScale, 2016). Organisational structure of a company is highly influenced by the corporate culture it promotes within and among workers where they must be treated equally and encouraged to promote the overall vision of enterprise (Brettel et al., 2015). In case of Hungry Jacks, the higher management has created a separate code of conduct where they ensure that people working at kitchen are wearing safe clothes along with a companys logo (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). Leaders of the company ensure that employees are provided with better options for growth and personal benefits through efficient financial mechanism. The organisational culture of Hungry can be related with transformational leadership where managers in order to achieve superior performance supports personal growth of people as well (McCleskey, 2014). Financial Responsibility centres employed In order to analyse the business performance of any enterprise it is essential to evaluate the financial position of company in terms of revenue, expenses and profit departments (Young, 2010). Going through different statements that disclose general information related with company earnings and expenses helps to evaluate the percentage of growth or increase in performance over previous years (Muogbo, 2014). For understanding the efficiency of Hungry Jacks various facts and figures related with the company has been discussed below. Revenue Centres: In 2013, the yearly revenue earned by the fast food franchise enterprise of Australia was estimated to be nearly $1.03 billion where the main contribution was made by Hungry Jacks (franchisor) (Titus, 2014). The enterprise main source of earning revenue is through opening outlets of the company in different regions to expand its operations and serve larger number of consumer base. For instance, the company has 390 stores throughout different regions of Australia that is assisting the entity to reach out larger groups and earn maximum revenue (Hungry Jacks, 2016b) Expenses Centres: Food chains incurs highest expenses in acquiring raw materials and consumables required by companies to prepare the dishes where in 2013 the overall expense for the segment in Hungry Jacks was found to be nearly $435.8 million (Titus, 2014). Moreover, the enterprise incur expenses in remunerating and training its employees where currently 900 managers and approximately 18,000 crew staff are present at Australian stores (Hungry Jacks, 2016c). The company is involved in various marketing campaigns for improving the practices for packaging where it includes varied environmental code (ECoPP) for improving awareness among people for retaining greenery and eliminating waste (Hungry Jacks, 2009). Profit Centres: As per Competitive Foods Australia, the overall profit of franchise group operating its activities in fast food retail came to be $ 21.4 million till July 2013 (Titus, 2014). The profit for overall group increased three times in comparison to 2012 where the profit was $7.9 million (Titus, 2014). Apart from providing quality food items to its target consumers through outlets the company comes up with various schemes in menu to attract and retain visitors. For instance, the official website of the company includes two categories under Menu segment; Nutrition and Allergen Guide and Limited Time Offer Guide wherein people could choose their items based on ingredients and protein available. Figure 2: Nutrition and Allergen Guide available till 26 August 2016 (Source: Hungry Jacks, 2016a) Figure 2 illustrates the customised menu of the fast food chain that it offers to its guests detail knowledge regarding the items that they are ordering based on nutritious value. This helps the company to create awareness and competitive edge in the areas served and people re-visit the stores that help the firm to have additional profits. Control Mechanism at Hungry Jacks A firm that ensure proper control mechanism for administering overheads while operating its daily activities is able to attain superior performance through improved profitability and waste reduction (Armesh, Salarzehi and Kord, 2010). Controlling the activities of processes, people and results is useful in reducing the overall expense of company and assists the firm to have better stakeholder management (Armesh, Salarzehi and Kord, 2010). Hungry Jacks in order to have better control over actions, people and results implements different measures as discussed below: Action Control: Being in service sector, the company has involved itself in several franchisee agreements, however, throughout the processes the firm ensures undertaking in-depth analysis of the aspirants applying for agreements (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). Some of the important criteria that company fixes are: a strong background of the business, having accessibility to fund of $ 1,300,000 and borrowing amount of $1, 300,000, will promote only Hungry Jacks business and having capability of working with young personnel above 15 years (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). An applicant who is found eligible for the franchise in legal and financial terms is instructed for undertaking training for at least 13 months to open a new store of company (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). Investment decisions are considered as the most influential factor to determine the survival of the business segment. In order to ensure that new franchisee store of Hungry Jacks is attracting customers to visit the place and driving profitability the company implements strict eligibility criteria (action) through successful operations are ensured. People Control: The mission with which the company came into existence was to ensure quality food items is delivered to people. In order to promote the vision, mission and value, the company ensures that employees are trained to serve customer requirements efficiently. For instance, Hungry Jacks for supplying its visitors with quality food instructs the employees to obtain superior class ingredients from farmers (Hungry Jacks, 2009). Additionally, the management team directs the attenders to serve food hot and fresh within minimum time duration of order placed (Hungry Jacks, 2009). Employees are involved and trained to improve environmental sustainability throughout varied stores of region. For instance, the company introduced electronic payslips and supplied them to nearly 11,100 employees nationally to ensure environmental preservation (Hungry Jacks, 2009). Moreover, Hungry Jacks for implementing operational efficiency at its supply chain makes sure that suppliers are using electro nic invoices for its transactions (Hungry Jacks, 2009). Results Control: The enterprise ensures various assessment plans to preserve energy usage for reduced overall cost and environmental degradation. For instance, the entity to save significant amount of maintenance budget is planning to replace 22 Watts and 14 Watt lights with LED which have longer life (Australian Government, 2012). This will assist the firm to save energy and cost of approximately 743 GJ and $25, 190 respectively within 4.4 years (Australian Government, 2012). Personnel Control Hungry Jacks in order to improve the capability and knowledge of personnel implements significantly in training programs and encourages motivational level of people through flexibility schemes (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). Some of the key factors through which companys personnel control could be measured are as follows: Selection and Placement: Hungry Jacks currently have nearly 390 stores throughout different regions of Australia with 900 managers and approximately 18,000 crew staff to administer its day-to-day activities (Hungry Jacks, 2016c). The company is expanding its activities further for which it requires capable and efficient employees due to which it invites people for employment in the company. It has created lateral techniques for encouraging teamwork, strategic leadership and communication through programs like Young Endeavour where employees are taught to work efficiently among groups (Hungry Jacks, 2016c). In order to recruit people externally, the company involves in advertising the vacant positions at the stores with designation and key knowledge or expertise required for the post through its official website (Hungry Jacks, 2016c). For instance, the company currently has advertised the employment offer for the designation of Managers in Western Australia All Suburbs in over 55 locations (Hungry Jacks, 2016c). Apart from external recruitment the enterprise also support internal placement where existing junior crew members for their superior performance are promoted to higher levels available in Store Management department (Hungry Jacks, 2016c). In opinion of Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson (2007) internal placement of employees assists enterprises in improving the motivational level as people are offered with better career advancement. Training: New recruits of the company are offered with in-houses and management courses training to enhance their career progression. For instance, Registered Training Organisation of Hungry Jacks offers its trainees with nationally recognized certificates in the segment of Retail and Hospitality sector with no personal charges (Hungry Jacks, 2016c). The company through its quality training programs helps the individual to serve the customer requirements superiorly and offers experience in retail/hospitality through which they could ensure better opportunities of advancement (Hungry Jacks, 2016c). Job Design and Provision of necessary resources: The entity in order to have better personnel management implements better flexibility options where employees can work in a 3 week rotating programs that avail them with a mixture of weekdays and weekends off (Hungry Jacks, 2016c). Moreover, employees apart from their day-to-day work are taught to understand in-store marketing and better schedule purchasing and inventory control. The job design at restaurant are varying where in accordance with changing requirements of consumers menu are revised and added with nutritional items (Charlton Media Group, 2016). Moreover, changes in new marketing taglines and new-look for restaurant is common at company for which proper communication, training and involvement of workers must be ensured. In order to have superior performance the company initiates College of Executive Development (CED) where internal engagement among personnel belonging to varied departments is made sure (Charlton Media Group , 2016). Purpose of Strategic planning and budgeting process In opinion of Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson (2007) strategic planning can be explained as an integrated activity under which enterprises in order to have superior performance, plans and frames overall priorities of the processes and ensures that teams are working together in unified direction. On the other hand, under budgeting process the managing teams confirms that proper segregation and estimation of overall budget is done in order to have improved revenue and profitability (Ho, Huang and Wu, 2011). Hungry Jacks offers items at comparatively low prices than other players and make use of strong positioning statements in the mind of the consumers (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). For instance, The Burgers are better at Hungry Hacks and Lowest Prices are just the beginning helped the firm to have attention from people (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). The firm for strategic positioning of enterprise has utilised value differentiation where it offers quality food within affordable price which has created co mpetitive edge and loyalty among consumers. Budgeting process of Hungry Jacks assists higher management to have better forecasting decisions and techniques and monitors the overall performance (Titus, 2014). The company involves in obtaining proper details regarding the investment decisions made by entity and the way it helps to have better returns which further motivates managers and employees for improving the performance. The company involves itself in regular review of activities undertaken by kitchen management and comes up with new opportunities for handling energy consumption to have low capital cost (Australian Government, 2012). Hungry Jacks throughout the process sets goals and estimates the additional savings that it can make from identifying areas of improvement (Australian Government, 2012). Conclusion The primary intention of the report was to understand and analyse the management control system of Hungry Jacks and the organisational variables included in it. The mission of the company is to ensure that customers visiting at their place are offered with quality food and cleanliness. Moreover, Hungry Jacks in order to have better organisation culture implements four key values; giving maximum importance to visitors, ensuring their safety, enabling integrity and improving its performance consistently based on consumer requirements. The organisational structure has been found to be hierarchical where people responsibilities have been designed under departmental level; however, in order to support better communication among people an innovative work environment has been created through initiatives like College of Executive development (CED). Through responsibility centres section of the assignment it was identified that the yearly revenue earned by the fast food franchise enterprise o f Australia was nearly $1.03 billion with maximum contribution made by Hungry Jacks. It has 390 stores throughout different regions of Australia due to which entity could reach out larger consumer groups and earn greater profitability. The major overhead for expense includes raw materials and consumables where in 2013 the overall expense for the overhead was found to be nearly $435.8 million. While other expenses covers personnel remuneration, training and development and different marketing campaigns implemented by entity. For better control mechanism, the company is involved in good investment decisions, improved supply chain and food management and setting targets for better results. Personnel control in Hungry Jacks is managed through better recruitment, training and job designs. Companys strategic planning and budgeting process have helped it to be competitive in the market and better cost control mechanism. In order to have sustainability and increased profitability the compan y must continue enhancing its management control systems through better decision-making ability and policies. Reference list Armesh, H., Salarzehi, H. and Kord, B. (2010). Management Control System. Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business, 2(6), pp. 193-206. Australian Food and Grocery Council. (2014). Annual Compliance Report. [Online] Ifalliance. Available at: https://ifballiance.org/documents/2015/07/2014-rcmi-qsri-annual-compliance-report.pdf [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Australian Government. (2012). Public Report Template 2012. [online] Hungry Jacks Available at: https://www.hungryjacks.com.au/media/14972/sustainability.pdf [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Brettel, M., Chomik, C. and Flatten, T.C. (2015). How Organizational Culture Influences Innovativeness, Proactiveness, and Riskà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Taking: Fostering Entrepreneurial Orientation in SMEs.Journal of Small Business Management,53(4), pp.868-885. Charlton Media Group. (2016). Hungry Jack's launches their College of Executive Development. QSR Media. [online] Ap.1 Available at: https://qsrmedia.com.au/in-community/news/hungry-jacks-launches-their-college-executive-development [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Coenders, G., Bisbe, J., Saris, W.E. and Batista-Foguet, J.M. (2003). Moderating Effects of Management Control Systems and Innovation on Performance. Simple Methods for Correcting the Effects of Measurement Error for Interaction Effects in Small Samples. [online] Available at: https://www3.udg.edu/fcee/professors/gcoenders/n7.pdf [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Daft, R.L. (2011). Management. London: Cengage Learning. Daniels, J. (2007).International Business: Environments and Operations. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. Groucutt, J. and Hopkins, C. (2015).Marketing. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Hitt, M., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R. (2007). Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. 7 th Edition. London: Cengage Learning. Ho, J.L., Huang, C. and Wu, A. (2011). The Impact of Management Control Systems on Efficiency and Quality Performance- An Empirical Study of Taiwanese Correctional Institutions. Asia-Pacific Journals of Accounting and Economics, 18, pp.77-94. Hungry Jacks Pty Ltd. (2012). Privacy Policy Manual. [online] HR National Privacy Compliance. Available at: https://www.hungryjacksshakeandwin.com.au/images/pdf/privacy-policy.pdf [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Hungry Jacks. (2009). Hungry Jacks Australia Pty Ltd National Packaging Covenant 2008-2009 Annual Report. [online] Certivsem. Available at: https://certivsem2.wikispaces.com/file/view/Hungry+Jacks+Pty+Ltd+AR_08_09.pdf [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Hungry Jacks. (2016a) Our Menu.[online] Hungry Jacks Available at: https://www.hungryjacks.com.au/menu [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Hungry Jacks. (2016b). About Us. [online] Hungry Jacks. Available at: https://www.hungryjacksshakeandwin.com/about-us/ [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Hungry Jacks. (2016c). Working with us. [online] Hungry Jacks Available at: https://www.hungryjacks.com.au/careers/traineeship [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. IBIS World. (2016). Competitive Foods Australia Pty Ltd - Premium Company Report Australia. [online] IBIS World. Available at : https://www.ibisworld.com.au/car/default.aspx?entid=728 [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Jamil, C.Z.M. and Mohamed, R. (2013). The Effect of Management Control System on Performance Measurement System at Small Medium Hotel in Malaysia. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 4(4), pp. 202-208. McCleskey, J.A. (2014). Situational, Transformational, and Transactional Leadership and Leadership Development. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 5(4), pp. 117-130. Muogbo, U.S. (2014). The Impact of Strategic Management on Organisational Growth and Development (A Study of Selected Manufacturing Firms in Anambra State). Journal of Business and Management, 7(1), pp. 24-32. Papulova, Z. (2014). The Significance of Vision and Mission Development for Enterprises in Slovak Republic. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 2(1), pp.12-16. PayScale, Inc. (2016). Average Salary forHungry Jack's Pty LtdEmployees. [online] PayScale. Available at: https://www.payscale.com/research/AU/Employer=Hungry_Jack's_Pty_Ltd/Salary [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Phanuel, W. and Darbi, K. (2012). Of Mission and Vision Statements and Their Potential Impact on Employee Behaviour andAttitudes: The Case of A Public But Profit-Oriented Tertiary Institution. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(14), pp. 95-109. Titus, T. (2014). Hungry Jacks Owner tops $1bn Revenue. Business News. [online] Ap.1. Available at: https://www.businessnews.com.au/article/Hungry-Jacks-owner-tops-1bn-revenue [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Young, S.T. (2010). Essentials of Operations Management. London: Sage.

Wi-Fi technology Essay Example

Wi-Fi technology Essay According to Mr. Paraskar, Wi-Fi technology has caught momentum in India in the last four years . In the year 2007, Wi-Fi spread widely in business and industrial sites. . Mr. Paraskar has been working in the cyber crime department for five years. He has come across various security problems in Wi-Fi networks such as hacking and received a large number of complaints based on this issue. Wi-Fi is used by most personal computer operating systems, video game consoles, laptops, smart phones and many other electronic devices. The popularity of this technology is increasing day by day and airports, hotels, restaurants are offering free Wi-Fi to attract customers and slowly Wi-Fi is replacing local area networks which require wires for connection to the internet. As far as security loopholes of Wi-Fi are concerned, many Wi-Fi users do not secure their Wi-Fi networks. This makes the Wi-Fi network accessible to any outsider who has a Wi-Fi enabled device anywhere near the Wi-Fi network. Mr. Paraskar said that hacking into Wi-Fi networks is a very serious issue and a great amount of damage can be caused as a result of compromise in Wi-Fi networks. We will write a custom essay sample on Wi-Fi technology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wi-Fi technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wi-Fi technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer People can hack into Wi-Fi networks which have highly confidential data which can be leaked and provided to outsiders or misused by the hackers. IP can be masqueraded and illicit acts can b carried out by hackers. Genuine innocent citizens can be penalized if their IP addresses are hijacked. It can cause a great amount of confusion in the law enforcing department if they do not have law enforcing mechanisms to check these kinds of terrorist actions. It is of vital importance to take security measures to prevent tapping and misuse of Wi-Fi . Passwords should be set by the owners when they establish the Wi-Fi networks so that outsiders cannot gain access to network and misuse it. The password should be changed from time to time and It should be ensured that no hacking is taking place. If there is any problem or case of hacking it should be immediately reported to the cyber crime department. Or use high orders of encryption so that tapping into these networks would become more difficult and this would make network more secure According to Mr. Paraskar The crime rate has almost doubled with the growth of Wi-Fi networks because of hacking and misuse of Wi-Fi. Networks by hackers and the other reason is that many people are not aware of Wi-Fi security and how to protect their networks from getting hacked Criterion O : Reflection on the interview Wi-Fi has spread widely in India in the last four years due to easy and convenient access to the internet without using local area network wires. There have been many problems related to Wi-Fi hacking in recent times. A lot of complaints have also been received because this technology has become very popular and is used in most electrical devices. The research based on the interview indicated that the main problem related to Wi-Fi hacking is that Wi-Fi networks are not secured by most users and this simplifies the hacking process for hackers. And this is a main loophole in Wi-Fi hacking. Compromise in securing Wi-Fi networks has caused a great amount of damage and led to leakage of secretive data , masquerading of websites and hacking of IP addresses leading to accusations on innocent citizens. An important observation that has been made is that security measures can be taken by using higher standards of encryption, setting passwords for networks and not broadcasting the SSID name. Criterion P: Projection of Broader Implications Based On The Interview Wi-Fi technology is slowly replacing local area networks because it provides wireless access to the internet and it is allows access from any place which has a Wi-Fi network unlike local area networks which can be used only in those places where LAN wires can be set up. The issue of Wi-Fi security is a controversial issue because there are high chances of innocent persons being accused committing cyber crimes because hackers misuse their IP address to commit criminal acts on the internet. Wi-Fi is gaining popularity and it is being widely used in airports, hotels, restaurants etc. therefore it is very important to take security measures in order to secure networks and prevent hacking of networks. Due to lack of experience and strong security measures Wi-Fi hacking is becoming more and more prominent. The large Wi-Fi systems at airports, hospitals should be password protected and so should small organizations to prevent misuse of their IP address by hackers. Higher methods of encryption should also be used to prevent hacking. SSID is the name of a wireless local area network and it is sent out by a router, SSID broadcasting should be turned off because if someone knows the SSID it is easier for them to gain access to your Wi-Fi network.

Why are political parties so strong in the United Kingdom yet so weak in the United States

Why are political parties so strong in the United Kingdom yet so weak in the United States Introduction The United States and United Kingdom are the largest democracies in the world hence they have variant political parties. A political party in any governing system is defined as an organization of people with similar political aims and opinions who seek to attain political influence in public policies through their representative being elected to the governing body (Medvic, 2009, p.120).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why are political parties so strong in the United Kingdom yet so weak in the United States? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Political parties are either funded by the government or individual party members depending on a country’s regulations. Irrespective of the fact that both United States and Great Britain have two dominant political parties, two legislative houses and a single executive, the political parties in both nations differ in their strength. The strength of political pa rties is determined by the amount of influence a party has on its members and the cohesion in the party. The political parties in the United States are much weaker than in the United Kingdom. In the US, politics are dominated by two major parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. Additionally, there are other smaller and weaker parties in the political scene. In the democracy of United Kingdom, there are three dominat political parties namely the Labour Party, the Conservative Party, and the Liberal Democrat Party currently led by Nick Clegg. However, there are other smaller political parties namely Independence Party and the Green Party. The roles of political parties include voicing the needs and concerns of their members and supporters, recruiting and training candidates for public office and socializing the citizens. This paper defines the significant difference in the strength of political parties in the United States and the United Kingdom. Moreover, it explores the factors that make political parties to be strong or weak in these countries. Political parties in the United States Political parties in the United States were not endorsed in the founding constitutions, since the intention of the Constitution and its founders was to have a triple balanced system of executive, judicial, and congressional powers. Factors that contributed to the establishment of the two-party system in the United States as the key type of system include historical foundations of the system, political socialization and practical considerations, the electoral system and the federal laws.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, there are no major requirements obligatory from the public in order to become a member of any political party (Schmidt, Shelley, Bardes, 2010, p.154). Scholars have noted that there is a decline in the strength of politic al parties compared with the past. Two party system in the United States The two-party system has dominated the United States political scene for a very long time. This could be one of the contributors to the weakening of smaller political parties in the country. People who wish to serve as president, congressional representative, state governor or state legislators have to use the two main parties, Democratic Party and the Republican Party, to increase their chances of wining. Electoral system The method of electing national and legislative representative promotes the dominance of two-party system. The structure of political parties in the United Kingdom is defined by the individual ideologies supported by each party, which their members endeavor to legislate; however, their counterparts in American lack ideologically cohesive and programmatic. The available resources for these dominant parties allow them to retain their dominance. Similarly, single member system operating in a sma ll constituency can weaken the general party by creating smaller local independent entities (Duverger, 1963, p.45). The involvement of political parties’ leaders in the selection of candidates of their political parties is very low in the United States. On the other hand the leaders of political parties in the UK have the role of choosing which candidates should represent their parties. Moreover, the United States political parties are not involved in campaigning for their chosen candidates therefore resulting to less influence on the candidates. The United Kingdom utilizes a system of proportional representation, where officials are elected, on the bases of the number of votes their parties receive in an election, which promotes strength of parties. In the United States, the election system is focused on the candidates compared to the United Kingdom model where election is party focused (Safran, 2003, p.34). Therefore, parties in the US are not perceived to be as important a s individual candidates. In party centered system, political parties are in charge of all resources while in candidate-centered system, the parties provide just a few resources to the candidates. Moreover, in the US, parties do not have the mandate of choosing the candidates to run under the party, rather, it is done by voters in preliminary voting.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why are political parties so strong in the United Kingdom yet so weak in the United States? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, the influence of parties is limited hence leading to their weakening. In contrast, the United Kingdom political parties determine the candidates to run under their parties based on their set regulation. Since the political parties in the US contribute minimal resources to the campaigning of their candidates, the party has less or minimal influence and cannot sanction the candidate if he wins (Safran, 200 3, p.34). However, the political parties in the United Kingdom have much influence on their candidates and they can sanction them since they contribute most of the resources that the candidates require. The electoral system, through preliminary election of party leaders, favors the linking candidates with their local supporters rather than creating a bond between the candidates and the party (Safran, 2003, p.34). Fundamentally, the electoral system is also weakening the ideologies of the political parties. Generally, direct primaries of selecting candidates have weakened political leaders as it takes away the rights and influence of the party. In the United Kingdom the parties have the obligation of selecting candidates that they wish to field for an election without external influence. Moreover, the party oversees the campaign of its candidates and in return, the party has ultimate control and influence. Campaigning The candidate-centered approach in the US reinforces campaign-fina ncing laws. The inclination of candidates funding most of the campaign is done at the expense of the party’s influence, as is the case in America. On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, parties retain their influence since they fund the campaigns of their candidates. The use of political consultants by political candidates has contribution to the decline of roles of political parties in America where the candidates are more inclined to listening to their consultants than the position of their party. However, consultants weaken the political parties through creating campaign atmosphere where they project individual candidates to the public at the expense of the party. Nevertheless, the public are more informed on candidates’ traits rather than the policies of the candidates’ parties (Best Radcliff, 2005, p.63). Moreover, political parties have failed to innovate, hence the need for outsourcing their duties to consultants. Some modern campaign tactics are weak ening the political parties. In the United Kingdom’s party-centered system, the campaign is geared to selling the party policies to the electorate whereas in America campaigns are focused on the candidates (Swanson Mancini, 1996, p.272).Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Legal factors Legal factors in the United States have contributed to the weakening of political parties (Wilson, 2008, p.124). The policy of cross filling has also undermined the strength of political parties in America. This practice, cross filling, allows individuals to be listed on more than one political party and can participate in primary ballots of all parties where they are registered (Sabato Ernst, 2006, p.88). The candidates who use this strategy aim at reducing competition, thus weakening political parties. This policy is still in effect in some states, which weakness the ideology. Moreover, the use of cross filling in the primaries resulted in reduction of political parties responsibilities. Moreover, voters in primary elections can influence nomination of their opposing party through crossover voting. These kinds of policies limit the influence of political parties on their candidates since they do not have the right to chose or vet candidates in their parties. Moreove r, the external interference in political parties through crossover voting weakens political parties in the US. Contrary to this, political parties in the United Kingdom do not have any interference from supporters of other parties; hence, they retain their objectivity in their core issues. The United States, through federal and state governments, closely regulates and it has decentralized the political parties. These actions of the government have contributed to weakening of political parties in America (Wilson, 2008, p.124). Political Action Committee (PACs) and special interest groups The decline of political parties can also be attributed to the rise of political action committees (PACs) in the elections in particular in fund raising. Candidates in the American political scene have their own PACs, which help them to collect funds for their political activities. Therefore, the candidates are more inclined to their committees than to the party, thus weakening party cohesion (Barde s, Shelley, Schmidt, 2008, p.248). However, political parties in the UK get finance from their membership contribution, donations i.e. from trade unions and the opposition parties also financed from the government kitty. Therefore, parties in UK are generally stronger than parties in US due to better finance availability. Moreover, funding of political parties from public kitty promotes internal unity among party members with in turn promote party cohesion. Subsequently, monies issued to support elections in the United States are given directly to the candidates. However, any money given to candidates tends to weaken the political parties, since the candidate becomes more independent and less reliant of the party. Conversely, public funding of political parties in the UK is channeled through the parties and not the candidates. Therefore, funding promotes part strength since the party leaders have leverage to induce their ideologies. Moreover, parties limit the amount of resources t hat an individual candidate can contribute to their campaign in order to protect the party’s influence. Additionally, political parties in American are influenced by their private donors, hence leading to partisan politics that decrease the strength of the party; however parties in the UK are less likely to be influenced since they do not over-rely on private donors for funding. Since action groups can access public support and resources, they have been undermining political parties that do not support their ideologies hence weakening of parties. Voters The social and political environment, in which the party operates, has a great impact on party cohesion. In addition, the development of an increase of number of independent voters has given rise to weakening of the political parties. Generally, a considerable number of voters in America are not registered in the two main political parties, thus the two key political parties have been declining in recent years. Further, the pa rticipation of voters in direct primaries to determine the candidate to run under a certain party weakens political parties (Sabato Ernst, 2006, p.110). Nevertheless, the political parties have not been able to attract public loyalty due to social changes. Furthermore, there is a trend of voters disengaging from party politics due to disappointments from political parties in the past. This is as a result of the fact that most American political parties are not engaged actively in their citizens’ lives, leading to high number of non-partisans. Conversely, the public in Europe and particularly in the United Kingdom are still inclined to party politics as they join and register in political parties, pay contributions to their parties and participate in party activities i.e. attending meetings (Wilson, 2008, p.125). Moreover, interest groups and citizen groups are competing with political parties for influence and loyalty among the citizens. However, party loyalty has declined s ince the inception of interest groups among the people in the United States. In deed, citizen action groups are actively replacing the role of political parties as a result of their weakening. Conclusion The United States and the UK have some dominant political parties and other smaller parties. Generally, the role of political parties in democracies is to educate the public on their civic rights and duties, to participate in influencing of public policies and recruiting and training candidates for public office. The strength of political parties is determined by the amount of influence a party has on its members and the cohesion in the party. However, there factors that undermine the strength of political parties namely rules and regulations, electoral systems, change of attitude among voters and modern campaigning techniques. Additionally, the rise of Political Action Committees and citizen interest groups has also undermined the strength of political parties especially in America . The United Kingdom has been able to retain the strength in its political parties due to the fact that they are able to control the selection and funding of their candidates. Moreover, the parties have restricted candidates from being independent from the party, hence creating reliance and influence. Through primary election in single-member district system, political parties in America have lost their influence in selection of candidates. Besides, a policy like cross filling of candidates during the direct primaries also contributes to the decline of parties (Shepherd, 2005, p.337). Further, the political parties in America are not funded by the government; rather, the candidates are funded directly. Consequently, this direct funding from the government makes the candidates independent from their parties. However, in the United Kingdom system, the government funds political parties directly, which in turn dispatch funds to their candidates. This mode of funding ensures that politi cal parties maintain their influence over their candidates, hence creating cohesion and party strength. References List Bardes, B., Shelley, M. Schmidt, S., 2008. American Government and Politics Today. Belmont: Cengage Learning. Best, S. Radcliff, B., 2005. Polling America: A-O. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. Duverger, M., 1963. Political Parties: Their Organization and Activities in the modern State. London: Taylor Francis. Medvic, S., 2009. Campaigns and elections: players and processes. Boston: Cengage Learning. Sabato, L. Ernst, H., 2006. Encyclopedia of American Political parties and elections. NY: Infobase Publishing. Safran, W., 2003. The Secular and the Sacred Nation: Nation, Religion and Politics. London: Taylor Francis. Schmidt, S., Shelley, M. and Bardes, B., 2010. American Government and Politics Today, 2010-2011. Boston: Cengage Learning. Shepherd, M. 2005. Mastering the National Admissions Test for Law. London: Routledge. Swanson, D. Mancini, P., 1996. Po litics, media, and modern democracy: an international study of innovations in electoral campaigning and their consequences. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. Wilson, J. Q., 2008. American Government. OH: Cengage Learning.

Scarlett letter essays

Scarlett letter essays In the novel, The scarlet letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hester Prynne arrives at colony where she is accused of adultery due to a love affair with minister Dimmesdale. As a result of this affair is their daughter Pearl. She is sentenced to wear a scarlet letter, which symbolizes her sin. The Puritan society turns her into an outsider due to her sinful action. The characters actions, throughout the text, convey the themes of hypocrisy and the inherent viciousness of the human spirit. One of the romantic elements that is used by Hawthorne, is the love between Hester Prynne and Mr. Dimmsdale. Knowing that their love is forbidden and looked down upon , they choose to follow their hearts and accepting the future consequences. The author acknowledges Hesters strength and bravery. She does not reveal her partners identity and decides to take the blame upon herself. Wondrous strength and generosity of a womans heart !She will not speak! (Pg48) Even though Hester is tortured by her feelings for Mr. Dimmsdale, she accepts and faces the consequences like a courages woman. Hester proves her courage when the chance to flee her sentence and remove the scarlet letter, is presented to her . If she would reveal her daughters father, all shame would be removed, but decides to see the letter as a moment of the past. However the Puritan society did not see Hester as a courages woman, they viewed her and her sin as a threat to the community that should be punished and suppressed. This woman has brought shame upon us all, and ought to die ...is there no virture in woman. (Pg36). Although they did not think about what feelings Hester had for her lover or her needs as a woman. They blame her blindley and their answer to Hester sin is to ostracize her. Although the puritan society does not acknowledged their love for each other. Both Hester and Dimmsdale have learned and grow ...

John Wayne Gacy Murder Trial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

John Wayne Gacy Murder Trial - Essay Example John Wayne Gacy was an American who was convicted of murder and sexual assaults. Evidence indicated that between 1972 and 1978, he murdered and sexually assaulted at least 33 young men and teenage boys. Due to his serial killing, he earned the tag â€Å"Killer Clown†. Also, evidence indicates that the defendant was living a double life; that of committing murders and that of engaging in political and charitable activities. Murder trials show that he was convicted of more murders than any other person in the American history. Based upon this historic murder trial, therefore, this paper will analyze the case and document and respond to a number of issues relating to the case (Mendenhall, 1996).   Since the offenses that the defendant committed were â€Å"unusual†, it is important to understand the specific psychological characteristics and patterns that might be inferred from him. The testimony that was made during the trial indicated that Gacy had psychological characteristics and patterns that to a greater extent depicted his atrocious actions. Those who worked for him testified that he was violent and in most cases showed an intention to commit sexual assaults; actually, they testified that they had survived sexual and violent encounters with him (Amirante and Broderick, 2011). Friends, family and his former employees also testified that Gacy had mood swings and was â€Å"awfully tricky†, a trait he used to succeed in handcuffing them. Most of the sixty witnesses who testified during trial took notice of these characteristics and patterns. Since such characteristics are often associated with the insane, this was not the case with Gacy as psychologists had confirmed that he was sane, and he committed the offenses while in sound mind. Psychologists and medical experts who testified for the defense agreed that he was very intelligent and generous.

Reflective journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reflective journal - Essay Example â€Å"Sustainability implies that an action can be continued indefinitely with little or manageable impact on the environment. This is important because the health of the environment is closely linked with the health of society in general. Sustainable practices ensure that the earth's resources will be available even for future generations to enjoy... Sustainability aims to balance the needs of human societies with the needs of the environment, preserving both for all creatures on earth to make use of and enjoy. Sustainability promotes biodiversity, the preservation of unique ecosystems, the health of the environment, and a high quality of life† (Wise Geek, 2012). Based on such definition, I believe that as members of the human society, we should pursue this two-pronged sustainability, which is both social and environmental, both for the present and future generations, not only for humans, but for all creatures on earth. It is in this endeavour that the activists can play a cr ucial role. Activists are involved in activism. What is activism? â€Å" Activism is a doctrine or practice that emphasizes direct vigorous action especially in support of or opposition to one side of a controversial issue† (Merriam-Webster Dictionary w.com 2012). Activists can promote social and environmental sustainability by several approaches. ... Gandhian ahimsa); 6) peace activist/peace movement; 7) political campaigning; 8) propaganda; 9) protest (demonstration, direct action, protest songs, theatre for social change); 9) strike action (work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work ); 10) youth activism (when the youth voice is engaged in community organizing for social change). I agree that activists can contribute significantly to facilitate some changes in different areas including social and environmental sustainability. Activists can focus their vast energy in changing the perspective of the businesses in favour of the environment. Some authors like Shrivastava (1995) and Welford (1997) as quoted in Sandhu (2010, p. 287) blame the current business systems for the environmental predicament. However, there is an increasing awareness among the business organizations regarding the natural environmental issues and they are taking the challenge and responding in an environmentally responsive ways ( Hart, 2007 , as quoted in Sandhu, 2010, p. 288). The response of the Timberland CEO is one example of an environmentally responsive way (Swartz, 2010). In Timberland's case, activism was in the form of 65,000 Greenpeace supporters who sent angry e-mails to the CEO, accusing Timberland of supporting slave labour, destroying Amazon rain forests and exacerbating global warming. The e-mail senders pointed out that the Brazillian cattle farmers were illegally cutting trees in the Amazon rain forests, for the pastures of grazing cattle, from which the leathers of bootmakers were obtained. Their message was one of concern, and they were strongly urging the company to work with Greenpeace to find permanent global solution to

Exothermic reaction Essay Example for Free

Exothermic reaction Essay The object of this investigation is to determine the enthalpy change for the reaction CaCO3 (s) i CaO (s) + CO2 (g) by an indirect method based on Hess Law. Hesss law states that the enthalpy change for any chemical reaction is independent of the route taken provided that the initial and final conditions are identical. So the temperature change during these reactions below can be measured and the enthalpy changes ? H1 and ? H2 calculated. For Example: Using Hess law with the calculated values for ? H1 and ? H2 it is possible to calculate a value for ? H3. Results Table. Temperature change during reaction   The results for the temperatures are to the nearest whole number as it is unrealistic to measure to a point of a ? C with this type of thermometer and the masses rounded up to 2 decimal places for greater accuracy. Calculations Its possible to use the formula E = mc ? T, where E = energy transferred, m = mass of HCl, c= specific heat capacity of HCl and ? T = temperature change. This formula can be used for calculating the energy transferred in the following reactions ? ?H1, CaCO3 (s) + HCl and ? H2, CaO (s) + HCl. Seeing as the molar mass of CaCO3 = 100. 00 ?H1 = 420 x (1 x 0. 0250) = 16. 80 kJmol-1 I will not include the last result in my average for ? H1, which is 16. 80 kJmol-1. This is because its way off the other results and would significantly affect my average results, its an anomaly. AVERAGE for the ? H1 for the reaction between CaCO3 + HCl: (- 25. 09 kJmol-1) + (- 24. 90 kJmol-1) 2 ?H1 = 25. 00 kJmol-1 This value for ? H1 is negative because heat is lost to the surroundings. Its an exothermic reaction. Calculations for ? H2 for the reactions between CaO (s) + HCl: 1. I will not include the 102. 86 kJmol-1 result in my average for ? H2. This is because its way off the other results and would significantly affect my average results, its an anomaly. AVERAGE for the ? H2 for the reaction between CaO + HCl: (-128. 05 kJmol-1) + (- 111. 43 kJmol-1) 2 ?H2 = 119. 74 kJmol-1 This value for ? H1 is negative because heat is lost to the surroundings. Its an exothermic reaction. Using Hess cycle I will use the values that I have calculated for ? H1 and ? H2 to work out the value for ? H3. ?H3= ? H1 ? ?H2 = (- 25. 00 kJmol-1) (- 111. 43 kJmol-1)= 86. 43 kJmol-1 This value is positive because heat is absorbed from the surroundings. Its an endothermic reaction. I have been told the actual value for ? H3, which is 178. 00. So I will calculate the percentage by which my value is out by the actual value. 178. 00 ? 86. 43 = 91. 57 (91. 57 ? 178. 00) x 100 = 51% Evaluation Errors in procedure: When the CaO and CaCO3 were put into the cup there was a delay before the lid was put on. This could have caused heat to escape out of the cup and the temperature change would not have been as great compared to if there was no delay.

The Pursuit of Happyness in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and Ray Bra

Would one rather have a life with no control over what happens; or would one want to have a life with some power, but a limited pursuit of happiness? The Government in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 let the citizens do whatever they want to do. The only exception is that they are not to be left alone to think about life and the enjoyments that are involved; they are supposed to live and forget. Illegal activities are considered normal in these novels. America’s society compared to these two Utopias is completely different. Things that make one happy might be illegal in America’s society, but are considered normal in the novels. With society today, people say that things are socially or politically incorrect. There is no law stating that it is unlawful to do these things. In today’s society, if one had meaningless sex with another person, they would be considered a whore, or a man-whore. If a person took a pill and overdosed on it, they would be considered an addict. In these two novels anyone can do whatever they want and nothing is considered politically incorrect . Drugs are offered at free will to anybody that wants them. In Huxley’s Brave New World, â€Å"there is always soma, delicious soma, half a gramme for a half-holiday† (Huxley 55). This is the citizen’s way of escaping reality. Most crowds in this book take soma just before an orgy-porgy and everybody has sex with one another. In Bradbury’s novel, people overdose on sleeping pills frequently. People truly are not happy if they are trying to commit suicide time after time. According to the handymen, â€Å"We get these cases nine or ten a night. Got so many, starting a few years ago, we had the special machines built† (Bradbury 15). Th... ...nge at the thought of having a mother and a father because they think that having a child is repulsive. These futuristic societies show what can happen if we follow governmental rule without questions. Huxley shows us that this can be a â€Å"possible shape for things to come† in America’s society if we keep doing what we are doing (Schmerl 38). This can even occur if people stop thinking critically and just follow along. Instead of people choosing their own pursuit of happiness and freedoms, they have the governments choose it for them. Works Cited Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. New York: Ballantine Books, 1953. Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World. New York: Pernnial Classics, 1998. Matter, Wiliam W. "The Utopian Tradition and Aldous Huxley." SF-TH Inc (1975): 146-151. Schmerl, Rudolf B. "Aldous Huxley's Social Criticism." Chicago Review (1959): 37-58.

Love and Lust: Two Different Concept Essay

Love has a different meaning for many. For some, it may be an act of loyalty, and for others, it could be a comforting relationship. It is also an act in which everyone is happy. However, few differentiate love from lust like the character of Tomas from the book â€Å"The Unbearable Lightness of Being† by Milan Kundera does. In fact, the function of the fifth part is to prove that even though Tomas has sexual relationships with other women, he still loves Tereza. Sex and love are two distinct concepts for Tomas who loves Tereza but then sleeps with other women. He justifies this distinction by referring to his colleague’s research that â€Å"claimed that during any kind of dream men have erections, which means that the link between erections and naked women is only one of thousands way the Creator set the clockwork moving in a man’s head.† (236). Indeed, it is with the imagery of a mechanism that allows the function of a device that permits the imagination to link the distinction of love and lust to something quite technical. Therefore, man can be sexually excited by anything symbolizing that Tomas has no real control over the attraction he feels towards other naked women. However, Tomas can choose the one he loves and he chose Tereza. Moreover, he also believes that â€Å"Attaching love to sex is one of the most bizarre ideas the Creator ever had† (237) meaning that love and lust are truly two different concepts f or Tomas who would rather not be disturbed â€Å"by the aggressive stupidity of sex† (237) while loving Tereza. In other words, Tomas does not believe that lust should be a medium that will allow him to prove his love for Tereza. Tomas is characterized as always wanting to fight for the greater good but for Tereza, he stopped, proving that he loves her. Indeed, Tomas linked the tale of Oedipus with the situation in which the world was currently in because of Communists. He then developed an â€Å"analogy [that] so pleased him that he often used it in conversations with friends, and his formulation grew increasingly precise and elegant† (177) and from there, wrote an article about it. When the article was printed, his job as a surgeon was at stake because the authorities were not happy with his perspective on events. Therefore, Tomas only had two options: whether to retract his article and keep his profession or to not retract his article and keep his honor. It became apparent that when â€Å"the thing that struck [Tomas the most]: although he had never given people cause to doubt his integrity, [was that] they were ready to bet on his dishonesty rather than on his virtue† (181). Tomas’ decision was being foreshadowed meaning that his honor was more important than his â€Å"meaning of life† (179). However, Tomas did refuse to sign a petition that would liberate political prisoners because by signing it â€Å"he could be fairly certain that [Tereza] would have more frequent visits from undercover agents, and that her hands would tremble more and more.† (219) and he did not want to hurt his wife anymore. In other words, he wanted her to be happy because he loved her. Tomas will, in the end, always choose Tereza over any other woman, which demonstrates his love for her. He realizes in the fifth part of the book that he will choose Tereza over the women of his life. The realization that Tomas had in which â€Å"he will abandon the house of his happiness, time and again abandon his paradise and the woman from his dream and betray â€Å"Es muss sein!† of his love to go off with Tereza, the woman born of six laughable fortuities.† (239) can only mean that he loves Tereza in his own definition of love as bizarre as that may sound. Moreover, Tomas does not believe in the idealistic world where everyone has a better half. The narrator promptly explained that â€Å"According to â€Å"Plato’s Symposium: People were hermaphrodites until God split them in two, and now all the halves wander the world over seeking one another. Love is the longing for the half of ourselves we have lost† (238-239). However, Tomas admits that Tereza is most likely not the part of him he lost thus not his soul mate. Therefore, juxtaposing Plato’s Symposium’s definition of love and Tomas’ actions result in a clearer perspective of Tomas’ love for Tereza. In other words, Tomas loves Tereza in his own way. Furthermore, the personification of when â€Å"he feels her pain in his own heart.† (239) allows the readers to comprehend Tomas’ way of loving Tereza. If hurting her was not an option then love can be the only explanation. These reflexions made from the fifth part of the book â€Å"The Unbearable Lightness of Being† by Milan Kundera prove that Tomas truly loves Tereza. One might even argue that Tomas loves Tereza more than Tereza loves him even though he physically cheats on her. Work Cited Kundera, Milan. The Unbearable Lightness of Being. New York: HarperPerennial, 1999. Print. .

Save Food, Save Planet

The first thing that comes to the mind after reading the topic is: ‘How not wasting food would save the planet? ’ ‘What effect does wastage of food has on the environment or the planet? ’ ‘What exactly makes all that waste and its emissions? ’ The answer is very simple if we pause to ponder. Food waste is not just consumers throwing dinner scraps away. Producing, distributing, storing and cooking food uses energy, fuel and water. Each of these emits greenhouse gases contributing to climate change.Looking at emissions of uneaten food from farm to table, the researchers found that food wasted at the consumer phase had the highest carbon footprint. Some food spoils before farmers can harvest it, other food goes bad on its way from the farm to the market, and still more food ends up rotting on supermarket shelves that's because by the time food gets to that stage, it's already accumulated emissions from production, harvest, and distribution. In othe r words, when chuck food that you buy at the supermarket, you're throwing away every part of the process that has gotten it there, as well.Then, some kinds of food waste create more emissions than others. Wasted fruit, for example, has a relatively small ratio of food waste to carbon emitted. Meat's ratio is much larger. That's because meat production is exceptionally carbon intensive. Of course, carbon emissions are not the only way in which wasted food harms the environment. A report finds that wasted food consumes an amount of water almost three times as large as Switzerland's Lake Geneva! And that's to say nothing of the human impact of all this food waste. In the coming years, the global population is expected to hit 8 billion.How are we going to feed everyone? There are many arguments going on related to this but what I evenly say is we should start figuring out how to eat the food that we produce instead of throwing it away since If we stop throwing this good food away it wou ld save the equivalent of at least 17 million tonnes of carbon dioxide, the same as taking 1 in every 5 cars off our roads and this is what I am going to emphasize on. So, yea that's right folks, stop throwing out food. Eat everything on your plate just like your mom taught you. If you can't eat it all, take smaller portions.It’s easy for us all to make to make a difference on individual base. First of all, stick to the motto ‘LOVE FOOD, HATE WASTE’! Secondly, start planning, since it works for almost everything. Think ahead to what the week has in store – look in the fridge, freezer and cupboard, make a simple list so you only buy what you need. Make the most of your fruit and vegetables. Did you know? Apples last even longer when you keep them in the fridge – up to two weeks longer if loosely wrapped. And if they’ve had a knock, try putting them in a crumble, a sauce or start the day with a smoothie. Thirdly, Freeze!Since, food can be froze n any time before the ‘use by’ date on the label. Then when you have an evening where you don’t feel like cooking, take it out of the freezer, defrost and use within 24 hours. Fourthly, get a pet! Chickens should be the priority as you can turn those leftover scraps into eggs for your breakfast but dogs would do as well since they will eat almost anything, even those fish burgers you like so much. At last, I would like to say that ‘Yes, It is as simple as that! ’ If we try, each one of us we can save millions of malnutritioned children, habitats of thousands of endangered species and on a whole our planet.

The Jacksonian Revolution by Robert V. Remini essays

The Jacksonian Revolution by Robert V. Remini essays A New Generation of Political Leaders The age of Jackson initiated a shocking overthrow of the noble republican standards of the founders by the common people. It was the people's turn to be heard and express themselves. In 1828, numerous Americans felt shocked when they heard that Jackson was running for President. Jackson was regarded by some as a "rake" or a scoundrel. One lady even cried, "Well, if Jackson can be president, anybody can!" This was indeed true. The revolution started with an overthrow of the noble republican standards by the common people. The trite people voted for "a crude frontiersman" like Andrew Jackson. They chose him over a distinguished statesman of proven ability. The years from 1828 to 1848 were known as the Age of Jackson, or the Jacksonian era. The United States had experienced many profound changes, and the arrival of thousands of new voters was to change American politics forever. Previously, only the wealthy and better educated were involved in the government. There were no political pa rties, and they were highly unaccepted by both politicians and the general public. A new generation of politicians emerged who regarded political parties more favorably. Martin Van Buren emphasized the need for a two-party system in America. He allied with John C. Calhoun and many other southern politicians. They structured a political organization around the presidential candidate Andrew Jackson. This political organization became a political party – the Democratic Party. The Democrats followed the republican beliefs of Thomas Jefferson and opposed a strong central government and also a broad interpretation of the Constitution. They had an essentially conservative political policy. Their political philosophy advocated economy in operating the government. They also wanted to eliminate the national debt, and when Jackson was president, he did eliminate the national debt in January 1835. The Democratic Party had a cent...

Amnesty is Already a Verb

Amnesty is Already a Verb Amnesty is Already a Verb Amnesty is Already a Verb By Maeve Maddox A reader questions a word she heard spoken by a Fox News announcer: [The announcer used] the non-word â€Å"amnetize† to mean â€Å"granting amnesty to.† Just to make sure that it is not a real word, I looked it up as â€Å"amnetize† and â€Å"amnitize.† How can we stop this grammatical ugliness before it spreads? There’s no entry for amnetize in either the Oxford English Dictionary or in Merriam-Webster. I checked the Ngram Viewer as well: no sign of it there. According to OED and M-W, the verb that means â€Å"grant amnesty to† has the same form as the noun: OED amnesty (verb): To give amnesty to, to admit to amnesty; to proclaim the overlooking of the past offences of (rebels). M-W amnesty (transitive verb): to grant amnesty to A Google search for the verb amnetizewith and without quotation marksgarnered only about 300 hits. The two contexts in which I found the verb form amnetize were in discussions of sports contracts and in posts critical of US immigration policy: What is the rush to amnetize Scola? To make room for Howard? That’ll be the subject of a third amnesty in a few years unless the bureaucrats amnetize-as-they-go. There isnt an Illegal Alien he won’t Amnetize!    the obama minions will soon amnetize 40+ million new voters Im sitting down to type an argument that says the Spurs shouldnt and wont amnetize Richard Jefferson this season. One writer questions the validity of the word even while using it; another encloses it in quotation marks to indicate that the word is being used in a nonstandard way: Obama and the democrats want badly to amnetize (is that a word?) all 12-20 million illegals. With the vast majority of ‘amnetized’ illegals voting Democrat, they will take the next presidential election. The kind of amnesty meant in the context of sports refers to â€Å"amnesty clauses† in contracts between players and franchises: The Amnesty Clause is a clause negotiated into the newly ratified Collective Bargaining Agreement between the players and owners which allows a team to release one player from their roster and be free of any financial obligations to that player.  This was added to allow teams to clear salary cap space in preparation for new salary cap rules.   A player who is released under this program is said to be â€Å"amnestied.† Sporting Charts Dictionary Note that this official definition uses the verb form amnestied and not amnetized. Bottom line: The standard verb that goes with the noun amnesty is amnesty, not â€Å"amnetize.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Arrive To vs. Arrive AtUsed To vs. Use ToHow Long Should a Synopsis Be?

Visual Art Research Assignment and research essay

Visual Art Research Assignment and research - Essay Example 2). However, these art forms possess notable differences because their purposes and intentions lack the modernist expectations in terms of characteristics and traits that guide their architectural make. Despite the current similarities and differences, Villa Savoye and teapot have played a significant role in defining visual practice especially when finding an attachment with modernist concepts such as functionalism and formalism. Le Corbusier’s Villa Savoye and Marianne Brandt’s Teapot have significant influence in the domain of visual art particularly in the promotion of the modernist concept. This is through following the procedural expectations of form follows function essential in exposing the indicative characteristics and traits symbolic with modernism in art. For instance, Le Corbusier’s Villa Savoye is attached to the modernist concept in terms of form follows function through its magnificent five-point architecture that represents the overall impression of architecture in the context of meeting global standards (Butterworth 2013, p. 2). Additionally, the cost and concern associated with Le Corbusier’s Savoye is associated with the architectural changes found in the shape of the building in regards to the form follows function principle. In other words, the Villa, according to Savoye, had to attain certain goals and objectives in his immediate society such as accommodating the Jews and acting as a historical French monument in the specifically in 1965. However, Marianne Brandt’s Teapot has interesting traits that differ with those of Le Corbusier’s Villa Savoye. Functionalism, for example, is infused into the German’s art with concentration of modernist concepts in the overall display of the teapot such as Bauhaus style and integration of the tea infuser to meet the form follows function principle. Consequently, in the

The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Essay

The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children - Essay Example Viewers invariably have the entire family and perhaps none of the family members escape this all pervasive and negative influence. Children, with impressionable and tender psyches, are increasingly witnessing real-life violence, either in their homes, streets, schools, work places and almost everywhere. This violence has not only assumed epidemic proportions but is a sad and painful reflection on our society when recipients of violence are children, particularly in domestic environment. An environment which is otherwise supposed to protect and nurture young ones instead works to leave deep scars of hostile violence. To top it all provocations may be extremely trivial. This state of affair constitutes both a public health and moral/philosophical crises. The United States (US) has the highest homicide rate in the world. The US homicide rate for young men is 73 times greater than that observed in comparable industrialized nations. Largely uncontrolled proliferation of guns and other lethal weapons is linked directly, for one, to the increased homicide rates among children and for two, to the numbers of violent incidents that children may witness. On an average each day in the US, 9 children are murdered, guns wound 30 children, and 307 children are arrested for violent crimes. Purpose of the Study As the impact of violence on young children is the focus of this study, it is important to consider the culture in which children and their families are embedded. The social history of the US has always given more emphasis to traditions of individual rights and individualism over any perceived or real collective good. This philosophical stance underlies the tolerance of violence against women and the practices of corporal punishment in families. Historically, the emphasis on individual rights dictated that a man had unfettered rights on affairs of his household and that issues in family discipline were not the business of government or the courts. Prior to the late 1800s, children had few rights distinct from their families of birth. In fact it is an irony of societal logic that agencies were established to protect the rights of animals before agencies were established to protect the rights of children. It was not until the 1960s that state agencies were set up with specific legal ma ndates to protect children from familial abuse and neglect. This historical tradition of the supremacy of individual rights also contributed to the inability of the US to regulate gun ownership and possession. It is within this culture that families raise children. Definition of Terms The term violence encompasses a broad

Human Resources processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resources processes - Essay Example Finally, employee and union relations are significant to set up the mutual promise required among constituents in a winning organization (Loesch, L. C. 2005). More and more, human resource management activities performed by managers and employees all through an organization in these areas are imperative to spirited performance. Just as information management, excellence improvement, monetary management, and other functions are becoming dim all through an organization, so is the management of human resources. It's flattering everyone's job to build an organization that learns rapidly, adapts fast to change, is staffed suitably, and performs efficiently. The strength of this addition is represented at General Electric, where "Every attempt of every man and woman in the company is focused on satisfying customers' needs ( Kirkpatrick, D. 2006, 54-59). To frame our orientation in a sensible approach to evaluate teacher performance, this research propose borrowing from the realm of corporate, industrial, and adult training and using Kirkpatrick's (1959a, 1959b,1960a,1960b) four level model of training evaluation. This model of evaluation has been the majority reviewed and practical guide to assessing the efficiency of training in the mature world of work since its beginning in 1959. In this research training and development, Kirkpatrick reviews the model and notes that small of the content has distorted. He still posits that the efficiency of training, and this paper propose teaching, is best assess at four increasingly difficult and precious levels. These are the response level, the learning level, the performance level, and the consequences level (Kirkpatrick, 1959a). The rest of this research will define these levels how every can be used to assess the performance of gurus. Integrating Human Resource Strategy and Business Strategy A main way to attain addition is to recognize and address people-related issues in the usual course of managing the business and as part of the strategic planning procedure. Moreover, human resource issues commendable of management attention are as essential to the success of commerce as marketing, operations, technology, monetary, or any other issues. Nowadays, almost all business issues have people implications; all human resource issues have commerce implications. Furthermore, strategies, counting human resource strategies, may be more or less open, near- or long-term, general or exact, depending on the state of affairs. They give plans for actions that will achieve under attack results under conditions of change. Richard Pascale has distinct plan as "all the things essential for the winning functioning of an association as an adaptive device". Strategies are effectual when significant commerce issues are resolved or turn out to be less significant and are replaced by new up-and-coming issues. In this background, human resource strategies play a dangerous role in formative the ability of a business to manage wanted change. No doubt, human resource staff and operating managers be supposed to work together as partners in defining and addressing commerce issues and their human resource insinuation. An opportunity for addition is

J & J Automotive Sales Essay Example for Free

J J Automotive Sales Essay Replicate business and referrals from pleased clients are fundamental to success in selling. The longer you work in sales as a professional person committed to treating your customers right, the higher and higher will be the proportion of your business emanating from repeat business and customer referrals. By contrast, think about the stereotype of the person we would generally consider the antithesis of professionalism in selling, the used-car salesperson. Of course, there may be some used-car salespersons out there that are professional businesspeople, but by and large their reputation is not exemplary. The reason? We believe it has a lot top do with the fact that the person selling in the used-car lot sees the prospect as an opportunity for a one-time transaction. Seldom will a customer return to that same used-car lot for a repeat purchase, and the used-car dealer virtually never has service facilities for developing an ongoing relationship after the sale. Used-car buyers rarely refer friends and colleagues to the dealer they bought from. When they do, it’s because of the availability of a particular vehicle rather than the dealership per se. Compare that with successful new-car dealership, especially those at the high end, who want you as a long-term customer that will refer friends and colleagues to the store and its salespeople. If you’ve ever dealt with a dealership like that, you’ve enjoyed a personal relationship with your salesperson and the service department reps, which is well worth paying for. You’d certainly agree that your salesperson does not fit the stereotype of a used-car salesperson. It’s just one illustration of a business which appreciates the fact that its survival is contingent upon repeat business and customer referrals. Joe luckily has good dealing relationships with his customers which is a good start in countering this stereotype. Not only must he be aware of the features associated with a variety of models, he must also be familiar with mileage, modifications, rebuilds, and the quirks of each car on the lot. As such, he could work against the stereotype as a slick con artist looking to make a quick buck. Part of this, may be due to the larger commissions used car salespeople like Joe make on each sale, thus encouraging them to complete as many sales possible. While stereotypes abound regarding used car dealerships, it is unfair to cast a negative light on the entire used car industry. The bonded dealers behave like other principals; some are up front and cooperative; others disappear or simply refuse to cooperate. Now while you consider you have seen and heard it all, a new claim presents novel and astonishing facts. For example, you are looking for a second-hand care and Joe activates your stereotype of ‘used-car dealer’. However, the car looks quite good buy. Is he lying to you or is he offering a good deal? If additional information seems to fit your initial judgment then you have category confirmation. You are confirmed, in your view of the salesman and leave it at that. If, however, the category is not confirmed, then you engage in re-categorization, and attempt to find a category that is a better fit – maybe the Joe is re-categorized as ‘helpful assistant,’ who sold cars honestly. Since Joe has this characteristics of passion in cars and the sincere concern to his customers, having this kind of stereotype would not hinder him from obtaining good customers, because he will, of course, gain their trust and as such, would gain good relationship with them. As a customer on the other hand, having Joe as a salesperson of used cars, I would definitely come back to him and get another good deal in buying his cars. The stereotype wouldn’t definitely affect my relationship with Joe as his customer and surely would come back for another deal. AutoNation created a huge business by exploiting the public’s perception of used-car dealers. Middle-volume dealerships with less expensive cars try to increase sales volume by getting uncertain customers the larger dealers ignore. They track sales workers to make sure they follow a prescribed script with customers. Smaller suburban dealerships also concentrate on uncertain customers but some also give special services like loaner cars and pick-up and delivery service in hopes of repeat and referral business. Reference: Kimball, Bob, and Jerold Hall. Selling in the New World of Business. Binghamton, New York: Haworth Press, 2004.

Ride Of The Second Horseman :: essays research papers fc

Robert O’Connell explains to us the decline of organized warfare between people. This is stated in three different regions of argument; the nomads having to change to cope with the new geographic changes find it easier to just try to take the agriculturalists food sources rather then find their own. Second the new divisions of government cause a more humanistic approach to settle disagreements rather then warfare, and thirdly the total demise of how warfare once was. The shift to domesticated farming, away from nomadic pastorals, led to a clash between these two subsistence patterns. The nomads, facing geographic change and poor food supplies, attempted to make their way down from the hills and take on the agriculturalist. This is the only way the nomads could keep a steady food source. ‘Cultures that knew nothing of war suddenly began suffering unprovoked attacks by terrifying strangers.’(13) This shows you the kind of bloodthirsty savages the nomads were, their way of life was changing and they weren’t ready for it to change. ‘So it is that these voracious ant armies number in the millions, just as major outbreaks of nomadic aggression were characteristically preceded by inertial congregations. If there is strength in numbers among the sedentary, there is only hunger among the nomadic.’(21) Again this shows how the nomadic are going hungry and have no way to turn except to fight for food. The agriculturalist have superior strength in numbers and after a few attacks from the nomads the will be ready to take them out for good and worry about them no more. This new age of society is just too profitable for them to leave it, crops that a few men farm yielding the food for twenty. The economics itself are just to great to turn back now. ‘The key to such realti0onships is mutualism, with booth plant and animal oolong in ways that intensify the partnership†¦In the period between 8500 BC and AD 1 the great majority of humans made the transition from wild food to planting and harvesting domesticated crops-a span of only eight and a half millennia in the more than four-million history of our line.’(55) Once more you see the demise of the nomads, the ability to culture nature to how humans want it; it’s just to easy. So why continue to keep picking up and moving your entire group when you could just center out of one area and have ever possible thing you could need to sup port yourself.

Beer Industry Marketing Analysis Essay

The Beer makes up most of the alcoholic beverage industry, with a 74% volume in 2002 (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). The production of beer around the world has increased from 36. 85 billions gallons in 2000 to 38. 78 billion gallons in 2003 (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). Beer production has been a part of society close to the beginning of civilization. A Mesopotamian tablet dating back to 7000 B. C. contains a beer recipe named ?  §wine of the grain (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). In 1292, a Czech Republic town produced its first pilsner beer. A prominent beer brand, Pilsner Urquell, brewing dates back to the early thirteenth century. Beer is produced with a mixture of mashed barley, malt, and rice or corn. U. S. brewers use filtration systems as well as add additives to stabilize the foam and allow long lasting freshness. Bottled or canned beer is almost always pasteurized in the container in prevent the yeast from further fermentation. After 1996, the U. S. beer industry had consistent growth with about 3,500 brands on the market in 2002 (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). The U. S. exported beer to almost one hundred countries worldwide. The beer industry peaked production with 6. 2 billion gallons in 2003 (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). The U. S. beer industry haws over 300 breweries. However, this industry is dominated by three companies: Anheuser Bush (45% of the industry), Miller Brewing (23% of the industry), and Adolph Coors (10% of the industry) (Overview of the U. S. Beer Industry, 2005). MARKETS BASIC PRODUCT/SERVICE OFFERINGS There are several different types of commercial beer, consisting of pilsner, lager, ale, stout, light, low-carb, malt liquor, dry, ice-brewed, bottled, draft, and non-alcoholic. Further, the U. S.market has been divided in to three categories: super premium, premium, and popular-priced (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). In 2002, the U. S. Market Share Reporter stated that light beer consumed 40. 1% of the beer market, premium held 25. 9% of the market, and popular-priced beer held the remainder. Here is a brief description of the most popular types of commercial beers: ?  «Lager: a high carbonated beer, containing a low alcohol content, with a pale, medium-hop flavor ?  «Stout: a thick, dark beer, almost like syrup ? «Porter: a sweet, malty flavored brew with a farley high alcohol content ?  «Malt Liquor: a mostly malt based containing high amounts of fermentable sugars ?  «Light: a reduced calorie brew made by decreasing the grain amount used when brewing or by adding enzymes to break down the starch content in the beer (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). One small segment of the beer industry is the micro brews. This segment as well as brewpubs had a double-digit increase in the U. S. throughout the early 1990?  ¦s (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). However, this increase started to decline toward the end of the 1990?  ¦s. This was mostly due to overexpansion. This did not stop all the microbreweries from continuing to open in the U. S. which allowed this market to show considerable growth. In 2002, the U. S. reportedly had 396 microbreweries, 46 regional specialty breweries, and 994 brewpubs (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). III. MARKET STRUCTURE AND ATTRACTIVENESS Market Structure The three major players in the brewing industry, Anheuser-Bush, Miller, and Coors Co. , have started increasing their market shares at the expense of smaller national brewers. The alcoholic beverage industry has gone through a consolidation period since the consumption rate has declined over the past few years (Overview of the U. S. Beer Industry, 2005). One of the markets that have flattened in this industry is the domestic beer market. This industry has hit a mature stage where consumption rates have flattened. This caused price increases to help suffering companies increase its profit margins (Overview of the U. S. Beer Industry, 2005). This along with increased vertical integration and inherent production economies makes it very difficult for a inefficient major industry player to compete nationally. The market that is dominating the brewing industry is the micro brewers. This group has found a niche market in the beer industry and has steadily driven the market share upwards. These companies normally target the smaller market segments and do not try to compete with the large industry brands. To achieve such successful profit margins, the micro brewers have the production process under contract with a regional brewer (Overview of the U. S. Beer Industry, 2005). Attractiveness The attractiveness of the beer industry is steadily growing. However, it is not growing in to area of large domestic brewers. This area of the beer industry has hit a flat consumption growth. The area that is become more attractive is the micro brews. From 1999 to 2002, the micro brew market grew almost 11 percent in the U. S. (Future of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Specialty Beer, 2004). This has caused the major companies in this industry to break into this niche market by combining forces with smaller companies or penetrating the market with a new micro brew product line. This niche market remains attractive to any investors due to the fact that the micro brew consumers will not react negatively to higher prices or price increases (Overview of the U. S. Beer Industry, 2005). The other area in the beer industry that continues to flourish is the international beer market. From 1999 to 2003, the market share for imports grew from 9. 1% to 11. 9%, respectively (Future of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Specialty Beer, 2004). Not only does the increase in market share hinder the domestic brewing companies, but the average case for imported beer is $24. 27 and for domestic beer is $16. 47 (Beer Report, 2003). This shows that imports sales are much higher due to increase in market share. As well, from a revenue stand point the international market has a higher attractiveness over the domestic market. From this, U. S. beer firms have penetrated into the international market by joining with international brewing companies to become American distributors for their brands. The continuing growth of U. S. beer firms penetrating international beer markets are due to the continuance of licensing agreements, direct exports, and foreign investments (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). IV. Porter?  ¦s Five Forces Model A good way to look at the beer industry is by using the Porter?  ¦s Five Forces Model. This analysis will help analyze the attractiveness of the industry as well as discuss the ease of entry and exit. Threat of Substitutes: Substitutes for this market include wine and distilled spirits. The wine industry consists of grape wine, sparkling wines, brandy, and fermented dinks (Alcoholic Beverages, 2000). Most distilled spirits are based on name brand products including vodka, gin, rum, whiskey, and liquors and cordials. Both of these markets have a major capability of expanding due to international exports. Another substitute for the domestic beer market is the higher priced brewed beverages including micro brews or imports. Though these products do carry a much higher price, the customers willing to pay higher prices are capable of using a substitute. Threat of New Entry: The threat of new entry in this market is relatively low. The legal costs and economics of scale in the manufacturing and distribution areas of the beer market are strongly weighed to successfully compete (Overview of the U. S. Beer Industry, 2005). This prohibits most potential entrants. Buyer Power: Since there are many different competitors and substitutes in the alcoholic beverage industry, the buying power is in the hands of the buyer. The only approach to sway the consumers buying behavior is through advertising and marketing. Supply Power: Some breweries in the U. S. hold no supply power. All the company is responsible for is brewing the beer. On the other hand, the large domestic beers, for instance Coors Brewing Co. , have a manufacturing plant where it controls of the manufacturing process with it products. Companies who have this capability hold huge amounts of supply power. This sometimes eliminates manufacturing costs from another company. Intra-Industry Rivalry: Competitive rivalry remains strong amongst the three leading companies in the beer industry, Anheuser-Bush, Miller, and Coors. These three companies battle against each other through advertising and market share. The micro brews in the beers industry also compete against each other to hold a competitive advantage over other products at that level. This area of the beer industry competes as well using advertising, packaging, and market share. Political Variables/Trends There are quite a few political variables to consider in the beer industry. The first issue in this industry is the implementation of taxation on alcohol sales. Governments around the world strong believe in taxation on alcohol to both increase revenue and decrease consumption (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). This trend has been effective since the consumers continue to purchase the products no matter how high the prices. The U. S. has had the lowest tax rates on its alcohol sales compared to other countries. In 1991, the tax rate on beer doubled to $18 per barrel, equally 16 to 32 cents per six pack (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). This was a sharp increase from its previous tax rates. The next political view most companies have had to deal with in the alcoholic beverage industry is the issue of alcohol abuse. Many companies have to monitor how it markets its products to now allow the persuasion of binge drinking or excessive drinking. The National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism estimates costs of $140 billion per year relate to alcohol abuse (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). Drunk driving has been another issue that beer companies have come under attack in relation to beer sales. The government has pasted several laws in the past to stricken the drink and driving laws. The U. S. Senate passed a law to decrease to legal blood-alcohol level from . 10 percent to . 08 percent. As well, a bill was passed regulating the legality of having open containers in a moving vehicle. This was passed in the Senate making it illegal to have any open containers in a moving vehicle. Marketing to minors was another issue that several beer companies got slammed with in 2004. Lawsuits were filed stating that some of the marketing tactics in the beer companies commercial were intention targeting underage drinkers (Lawsuits, 2004). The courts argued that the material used in the commercial ads were young video games and models ?  §chosen to appeal to underage consumers (Lawsuits, 2004). Some of the brewing firms decided to implement underage drinking warnings in its ads to cover itself from any future litigation Economic Variables/Trends The economic trend in the large domestic beer market has pretty much flatten entering in the maturity stage in the product life cycle. This will mean that sales will mostly stay consistent with little increase. Unless the major companies can try to dominate the niche markets in the beer industry, they will need to use advertising and marketing to drive sales. The fear of consumers switching to a substitute product like the micro brews could be present. Thus, branching out into that niche market would help the companies to gain higher market share and increase sales. Social Variables/Trends The major social trend in the beer industry is the ?  §low carb craze (MacArthur, 2004). Americans have entered into a low-carb phase. Beer sales decrease a good amount following the introduction of this phase into the American food markets. Anheuser-Busch had a heading start when this phase started since it was the first to implement a low-carb beer, Michelob Ultra, into the alcoholic beverage industry. This sparked a spin off with other major companies and soon mostly all major players in the industry had developed a low-carb beverage (MacArthur, 2004). Anheuser-Busch, Coors Brewing, and Miller were putting together a $300 million media campaign supporting any brands that help avoid a beer belly (MacArthur, 2004). In 2003, Bud Light still led the market with an increase from 2. 6% to 8. 1% while Coors Light volume decreased from 0. 6% to 8. 5% of the market share (MacArthur, 2004). Technological Variables/Trends Technology in this industry is mainly computer based focused. Companies use computer software and equipment to allow for efficient production of the products being manufactured. Also, increase in technology variables could mean better advertising strategies due to the technology created. On top of being used to speed up the production and efficiency of service, new technology also has been used to pull well-defined reports that become useful with inventory and point-of-sale purchases. V. ECONOMIC PROFITABILITY ASSESSMENT VI. MARKET POWER DISTRIBUTION AND PERFORMANCE VII. TARGET RECOMMENDATIONS