Violence Exposure Among Children of Incarcerated Mothers Free Essay Example, 4000 words

The discussions section of the findings of research provides a review of the findings in relation to important concepts and theories. Normally, this includes important theories described and analyzed in the literature review section of the research. However, this is preceded by a logical presentation of findings in order to show the reader of the article the important things that were unveiled in the study. This will help to provide important guidelines on what was discovered in the study. This aids in the discussions and theorization. Credibility and Dependability of the ResearchThe credentials and competency of the researchers add up to the credibility of the research. This is because the researchers have a reputation for gaining a good education and a lot of experience. Their writing style presents a high level of competency and control over the topic. The two authors complement each other and this provides a high level of credibility for the article. The findings are dependable because they provide an insight into a matter that is not normally studied. And the approach used provides a practical and real-life system of analyzing and reviewing the relevant circumstances. We will write a custom essay sample on Violence Exposure Among Children of Incarcerated Mothers or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The interviews seem to be dependable as they followed all the necessary rules and came out right with the best levels of results. Presentation of FindingsThe fundamental findings are summarized and presented statistically and given in general terms. This is a good effort for putting out the core findings and important trends. This provides a general framework of the realities that were uncovered in the study and the process. Afterward, the findings are put together under six dominant classes where the highlights of the most extreme cases and issues are presented for discussions. This is done in a way and manner that the most extreme narrations are presented and extracts of these narrations are discussed to provide important trends of what people are actually facing and going through. This gives the reader an important idea of what people are going through and how it affects them in the most important manner.

This Boy s Life By Tobias Wolff - 1671 Words

This Boy s Life, by Tobias Wolff (Wolff, 1993), is a 1950’s memoir describing the intimate emotional events during Tobias Wolff’s dysfunctional and difficult adolescent years. I believe the purpose of this memoir was not only to document this specific time in Tobias’ life, but this film was a way to raise awareness toward domestic violence. Wolff really did a good job at captivating his audience. Using a variety of family violence topics this resource includes: Abandonment when Tobias’s father ceased to be involved in Tobias’ life and when his mother frequently was not around; child abuse when his mother’s boyfriend would physically abuse Tobias; adolescent abuse when his step-father abused Tobias mentally, physically, and emotionally; domestic abuse between Tobias’ mother and her partners; and substance abuse was shown through everyone in the story whether it was alcohol or drugs. I believe the author portrayed family violence accura tely and he exposed the seriousness of the topic truthfully. I noticed myself feeling angry at times when serious physical abuse was taking place, I think mainly because I felt so helpless. For this paper, I will mainly focus on Tobias a.k.a. Jack and adolescent abuse. Tobias, who preferred to be called ‘Jack’ (this is how he will be referred to now for the remainder of this paper), went through so many difficult challenges growing up. He and his brother came from a typical nuclear family set in the 1950’s. By the age of ten, Jack’sShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Tobias Wolff s This Boy s Life 1863 Words   |  8 PagesTobias Wolff’s memoir, This Boy’s Life, concentrates on the intense physical and emotional abuse Toby endured throughout his adolescence. Toby spent the majority of his juvenile years wandering around the United States as his divorced mother struggled to find employment and deprived her son of any affection. Eventually, Tobyâ⠂¬â„¢s mother Rosemary met a man named Dwight who promised her and her son a better life. Rosemary makes the decision to move Toby to Chinook, Washington with Dwight in an attemptRead MoreAnalysis Of Tobias Wolff s This Boy s Life 1046 Words   |  5 PagesTobias Wolff’s prepositional memoir, This Boy’s Life, positions the audience to question the role that luck plays in the lives of the characters, particularly Toby and his mother. This account of growing up in post-war America on his life from 1955 to 1965 allows Wolff to reflect on the restrictions imposed on the disenfranchised family by societal norms that prevent them from achieving their dreams of progression through the social hierarchy. Luck plays a very minimal role in the memoir as the characters’Read MoreEssay about Tobias Wolff1522 Words   |  7 PagesTobias Wolff Tobias Wolff, a boy of a troubled childhood, and a very tough father. Tobias Wolff had no intentions of being a writer from the start; it just seemed to of popped into his life. The Amazing part about this writer is that he was not supported by anyone but himself. His father was against everything that he did, and his brother, Geoffrey, also a writer would always take his fathers side, leaving Tobias on a side of his own. â€Å"I wasn’t fair, I always took my father’s side.† Said GeoffreyRead MoreTobias Wolff s The Rich Brother964 Words   |  4 Pagesjourney. Life is similar to a play; parents pass away during the first half; while one’s children come in during the second half; but siblings are there throughout both acts. Tobias Wolff’s, The Rich Brother, portrays the relationship between two brothers that are complete opposites; yet they know each other’s strengths and weaknesses better than anyone else will ever be able. The Rich Brother describes a complex sibling relationship that is fairly common in today’s society; Tobias Wolff makes useRead MoreTobias Wolff s `` Dirty Realism `` Essay1040 Words   |  5 PagesChallenging readers morals and making stories interesting to read is an extremely challenging task to accomplish, but the author Tobias Wolff manages to achieve this. Wolff uses shifts in tone and point of view to his advantage in many of his stories bringing a reader along a carefully crafted pathway of emotions that help to further the meaning of the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Tobias Wolff would have never been successful in his short stories had it not been for his childhood.   He lived in Washington state with hisRead MoreHenrik Wolff : The Dead End Of Western Civilization1394 Words   |  6 PagesOf Western Civilization by Douglas Haddow, and Bullet in the Brain by Tobias Wolff, the authors choose to make use of intellectual diction in order to indicate the idea that an absence of spontaneity is holding society back. In Bullet in the Brain by Tobias Wolff, main character Anders is described as being sarcastic, cynical, and argumentative. Anders is a very serious man who has been through a lot of hardships in his life that have made him the cynical man that he is today. Because he is a bookRead MoreAnalysis Of This Boys Life1529 Words   |  7 PagesTabula rasa. A phrase originating from Latin that is translated to â€Å"clean slate.† John Locke, a philosopher, coined this term to coincide with his theory that each human is born without any pre-existing traits or views of the world. To those who share Locke’s conception, one could understand how easily Tobias Wolff conformed to the negative impacts he had grown up with. He is the equivalent of an unwritten book with the potential for success and academic achievement but tainted with abandonment andRead MoreThe Myth Of Gender Roles2384 Words   |  10 Pages The myth of gender roles plays a pivotal role in This Boy’s Life- A Memoir by Tobias Wolff. Specifically, the myth of masculinity shapes much of the actions and experiences that occur. Toxic masculinity is commonly described as socially-constructed attitudes that describe men as being violent, unemotional, and sexually aggressive. The rules of masculinity that are implied in the memoir include displays of physical dominance such as fighting against others, use of weapons for power and control,Read MoreThe And The Brain By Tobias Wolff974 Words   |  4 Pagessuch as love, hate, or anger. Hate, on the other hand, is defined as â€Å"to express strong dislike for; criticize or abuse† (Oxford). In the story, Bullet in the Brain by Tobias Wolff, the main character Anders, is very passionate about words. This very thing that he loves so much ends up being the thing he hates the most in life. Anders was a jaded critic and the story begins simply enough with him standing in line inside the bank. He was standing behind two women who were really getting onRead MoreThis Boys Life Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pages This Boy’s Life â€Å"Every year more than 3.6 million referrals are made to child protection agencies involving more than 6.6 million children,† (Child Abuse Statistics, 2017). In This Boy’s Life by Tobias Wolff, we discover the desperate, harsh, and cruel life of a boy named Jack. The novel begins with the young boy acting out negatively to catch his mother’s inattentive eye. He has no one to notice his behavior, either good or bad. He earnestly desires a place in his mother preoccupied life and

Management Control System in Hungry Jacks

Question: Discuss about the Management Control System in Hungry Jacks. Answer: Introduction Management control system assists in gathering and utilizing information related with enterprises in order to evaluate how the company is performing and utilizing its varied resources like human and financial structure to create competitive edge among consumers (Coenders et al., 2003). Jamil and Mohamed (2013) claim management control mechanism to be widely applied by organisations as a conceptual framework that helps them to improve personnel decision-making and actions in accordance with organisational desired gaols. An enterprise in order to survive in the globalised environment must support a performance measurement system that apart from superior organisational performance ensures better stakeholder management (Ho, Huang and Wu, 2011; Daniels, 2007). The purpose of doing this assignment is to analyse how Hungry Jacks, an Australian fast food chain, is managing its control system to improve its overall performance. In opinion of Armesh, Salarzehi and Kord (2010), in current compl ex business environment where activities are constantly changing with respect to government influence and external factors, firms requires implementing strategies that ensures sustainability in long-run. Therefore for analysing the performance of Hungry Jacks various aspects related with vision, mission, structure, financial responsibility and personnel control will be analysed. Vision, Mission and Strategic Objective of Hungry Jacks In 1971, Hungry Jacks launched its first store in Innaloo, Australia where outlets initial success encouraged the company to expand its business further (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). In its starting years, the enterprise worked under franchise of Burger King Corporation however in 1990 few changes in agreement were made by the company (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). As per these changes, Competitive Foods was permitted to open Hungry Jacks first independent outlet and later several stores were opened under the trademark of companys own name (IBIS World, 2016). Currently the enterprise is having its presence in Australia throughout its every state with nearly 340 stores and has been successful in generating a strong brand image among its consumer (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). Mission of any company explains the ultimate purpose for being in the market and what it desire to achieve through its business whereas vision provides direction to enterprises as what it want to become in coming years (Papulova, 2014) . Phanuel and Darbi (2012) argue vision and mission of enterprise to play a significant role in strategic development where principles mentioned under these are helpful in managing the day-to-day activities and employees actions. The mission of Hungry Jacks has been to ensure that customers visiting at their place are offered with great food and is superior at quality, service and cleanliness in every hour or day of their arrival (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). The company believes in promoting innovative vision among personnel by implementing four key values; giving maximum importance to visitors, ensuring their safety, enabling integrity and improving its performance consistently based on consumer requirements (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). Being in service industry, Muogbo (2014) has pointed out that customer priority as the most influential strategy to survive, retain and compete strongly against other competitors. Hungry Jacks is not only efficient in managing its customers requirements with the help of varied services like organising birthday events for kids but also involves maximum participation of community to make the society a better place for living. For instance, the entity entered into strategic partnership with Keep Australia Beautiful under which all its packaging consists the logo of Bag it and Bin it to persuade consumers to dispose the garbage responsively (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). The strategic objective of the enterprise is to improve profitability and brand image through superior customer servicing and promoting sustainability in environment. Organizational Structure The organisational structure of the enterprise is formal (hierarchical) where activities and responsibilities of the entity are shared among different personnel under various levels (Groucutt and Hopkins, 2015). Figure 1 illustrates the organisational structure at Hungry Jacks where CEO of the company have ultimate power over all other personnel placed below like General, Finance, Marketing, Sales, Customer Service and Sourcing Manager. Figure 1: Organisational Structure at Hungry Jack's (Source: Hungry Jacks Pty Ltd, 2012) Apart from hiring different divisional head for departments like finance and customer service the company hires project committee officers to reduce complexities occurring while undertaking work (Hungry Jacks Pty Ltd, 2012). In spite of having hierarchical structure at stores the CEO of company creates an innovative work environment where people are encouraged for continuous training and development for superior career progression. For instance, in 2009 College of Executive development (CED) was initiated by the enterprise as an internal platform that offers people with enhanced engagement and communication platform (Charlton Media Group, 2016). While dealing with changing requirements of people the business structure of company has experienced significant alternations like nutritional improvements in the menu that requires to be communicated instantly to staff to ensure strong presentation at front line (Charlton Media Group, 2016). Additionally, in order to encourage people to work hard for the organisation, the enterprise have introduced superior pay structure as compared to its other competitors like KFC (PayScale, 2016). The average salary per month of a fast food worker at Hungry Jacks has been found to be AU $20,381-39,875 while Assistant Manager and Kitchen hand are offered nearly AU $35,263-51,250 and AU $32,833-48,288 respectively (PayScale, 2016). Moreover, it also provides people with bonus where in accordance with research average bonus given by company to retail store Assistant mangers has found to be AU $ 1,150 (PayScale, 2016). Organisational structure of a company is highly influenced by the corporate culture it promotes within and among workers where they must be treated equally and encouraged to promote the overall vision of enterprise (Brettel et al., 2015). In case of Hungry Jacks, the higher management has created a separate code of conduct where they ensure that people working at kitchen are wearing safe clothes along with a companys logo (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). Leaders of the company ensure that employees are provided with better options for growth and personal benefits through efficient financial mechanism. The organisational culture of Hungry can be related with transformational leadership where managers in order to achieve superior performance supports personal growth of people as well (McCleskey, 2014). Financial Responsibility centres employed In order to analyse the business performance of any enterprise it is essential to evaluate the financial position of company in terms of revenue, expenses and profit departments (Young, 2010). Going through different statements that disclose general information related with company earnings and expenses helps to evaluate the percentage of growth or increase in performance over previous years (Muogbo, 2014). For understanding the efficiency of Hungry Jacks various facts and figures related with the company has been discussed below. Revenue Centres: In 2013, the yearly revenue earned by the fast food franchise enterprise of Australia was estimated to be nearly $1.03 billion where the main contribution was made by Hungry Jacks (franchisor) (Titus, 2014). The enterprise main source of earning revenue is through opening outlets of the company in different regions to expand its operations and serve larger number of consumer base. For instance, the company has 390 stores throughout different regions of Australia that is assisting the entity to reach out larger groups and earn maximum revenue (Hungry Jacks, 2016b) Expenses Centres: Food chains incurs highest expenses in acquiring raw materials and consumables required by companies to prepare the dishes where in 2013 the overall expense for the segment in Hungry Jacks was found to be nearly $435.8 million (Titus, 2014). Moreover, the enterprise incur expenses in remunerating and training its employees where currently 900 managers and approximately 18,000 crew staff are present at Australian stores (Hungry Jacks, 2016c). The company is involved in various marketing campaigns for improving the practices for packaging where it includes varied environmental code (ECoPP) for improving awareness among people for retaining greenery and eliminating waste (Hungry Jacks, 2009). Profit Centres: As per Competitive Foods Australia, the overall profit of franchise group operating its activities in fast food retail came to be $ 21.4 million till July 2013 (Titus, 2014). The profit for overall group increased three times in comparison to 2012 where the profit was $7.9 million (Titus, 2014). Apart from providing quality food items to its target consumers through outlets the company comes up with various schemes in menu to attract and retain visitors. For instance, the official website of the company includes two categories under Menu segment; Nutrition and Allergen Guide and Limited Time Offer Guide wherein people could choose their items based on ingredients and protein available. Figure 2: Nutrition and Allergen Guide available till 26 August 2016 (Source: Hungry Jacks, 2016a) Figure 2 illustrates the customised menu of the fast food chain that it offers to its guests detail knowledge regarding the items that they are ordering based on nutritious value. This helps the company to create awareness and competitive edge in the areas served and people re-visit the stores that help the firm to have additional profits. Control Mechanism at Hungry Jacks A firm that ensure proper control mechanism for administering overheads while operating its daily activities is able to attain superior performance through improved profitability and waste reduction (Armesh, Salarzehi and Kord, 2010). Controlling the activities of processes, people and results is useful in reducing the overall expense of company and assists the firm to have better stakeholder management (Armesh, Salarzehi and Kord, 2010). Hungry Jacks in order to have better control over actions, people and results implements different measures as discussed below: Action Control: Being in service sector, the company has involved itself in several franchisee agreements, however, throughout the processes the firm ensures undertaking in-depth analysis of the aspirants applying for agreements (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). Some of the important criteria that company fixes are: a strong background of the business, having accessibility to fund of $ 1,300,000 and borrowing amount of $1, 300,000, will promote only Hungry Jacks business and having capability of working with young personnel above 15 years (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). An applicant who is found eligible for the franchise in legal and financial terms is instructed for undertaking training for at least 13 months to open a new store of company (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). Investment decisions are considered as the most influential factor to determine the survival of the business segment. In order to ensure that new franchisee store of Hungry Jacks is attracting customers to visit the place and driving profitability the company implements strict eligibility criteria (action) through successful operations are ensured. People Control: The mission with which the company came into existence was to ensure quality food items is delivered to people. In order to promote the vision, mission and value, the company ensures that employees are trained to serve customer requirements efficiently. For instance, Hungry Jacks for supplying its visitors with quality food instructs the employees to obtain superior class ingredients from farmers (Hungry Jacks, 2009). Additionally, the management team directs the attenders to serve food hot and fresh within minimum time duration of order placed (Hungry Jacks, 2009). Employees are involved and trained to improve environmental sustainability throughout varied stores of region. For instance, the company introduced electronic payslips and supplied them to nearly 11,100 employees nationally to ensure environmental preservation (Hungry Jacks, 2009). Moreover, Hungry Jacks for implementing operational efficiency at its supply chain makes sure that suppliers are using electro nic invoices for its transactions (Hungry Jacks, 2009). Results Control: The enterprise ensures various assessment plans to preserve energy usage for reduced overall cost and environmental degradation. For instance, the entity to save significant amount of maintenance budget is planning to replace 22 Watts and 14 Watt lights with LED which have longer life (Australian Government, 2012). This will assist the firm to save energy and cost of approximately 743 GJ and $25, 190 respectively within 4.4 years (Australian Government, 2012). Personnel Control Hungry Jacks in order to improve the capability and knowledge of personnel implements significantly in training programs and encourages motivational level of people through flexibility schemes (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). Some of the key factors through which companys personnel control could be measured are as follows: Selection and Placement: Hungry Jacks currently have nearly 390 stores throughout different regions of Australia with 900 managers and approximately 18,000 crew staff to administer its day-to-day activities (Hungry Jacks, 2016c). The company is expanding its activities further for which it requires capable and efficient employees due to which it invites people for employment in the company. It has created lateral techniques for encouraging teamwork, strategic leadership and communication through programs like Young Endeavour where employees are taught to work efficiently among groups (Hungry Jacks, 2016c). In order to recruit people externally, the company involves in advertising the vacant positions at the stores with designation and key knowledge or expertise required for the post through its official website (Hungry Jacks, 2016c). For instance, the company currently has advertised the employment offer for the designation of Managers in Western Australia All Suburbs in over 55 locations (Hungry Jacks, 2016c). Apart from external recruitment the enterprise also support internal placement where existing junior crew members for their superior performance are promoted to higher levels available in Store Management department (Hungry Jacks, 2016c). In opinion of Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson (2007) internal placement of employees assists enterprises in improving the motivational level as people are offered with better career advancement. Training: New recruits of the company are offered with in-houses and management courses training to enhance their career progression. For instance, Registered Training Organisation of Hungry Jacks offers its trainees with nationally recognized certificates in the segment of Retail and Hospitality sector with no personal charges (Hungry Jacks, 2016c). The company through its quality training programs helps the individual to serve the customer requirements superiorly and offers experience in retail/hospitality through which they could ensure better opportunities of advancement (Hungry Jacks, 2016c). Job Design and Provision of necessary resources: The entity in order to have better personnel management implements better flexibility options where employees can work in a 3 week rotating programs that avail them with a mixture of weekdays and weekends off (Hungry Jacks, 2016c). Moreover, employees apart from their day-to-day work are taught to understand in-store marketing and better schedule purchasing and inventory control. The job design at restaurant are varying where in accordance with changing requirements of consumers menu are revised and added with nutritional items (Charlton Media Group, 2016). Moreover, changes in new marketing taglines and new-look for restaurant is common at company for which proper communication, training and involvement of workers must be ensured. In order to have superior performance the company initiates College of Executive Development (CED) where internal engagement among personnel belonging to varied departments is made sure (Charlton Media Group , 2016). Purpose of Strategic planning and budgeting process In opinion of Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson (2007) strategic planning can be explained as an integrated activity under which enterprises in order to have superior performance, plans and frames overall priorities of the processes and ensures that teams are working together in unified direction. On the other hand, under budgeting process the managing teams confirms that proper segregation and estimation of overall budget is done in order to have improved revenue and profitability (Ho, Huang and Wu, 2011). Hungry Jacks offers items at comparatively low prices than other players and make use of strong positioning statements in the mind of the consumers (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). For instance, The Burgers are better at Hungry Hacks and Lowest Prices are just the beginning helped the firm to have attention from people (Hungry Jacks, 2016b). The firm for strategic positioning of enterprise has utilised value differentiation where it offers quality food within affordable price which has created co mpetitive edge and loyalty among consumers. Budgeting process of Hungry Jacks assists higher management to have better forecasting decisions and techniques and monitors the overall performance (Titus, 2014). The company involves in obtaining proper details regarding the investment decisions made by entity and the way it helps to have better returns which further motivates managers and employees for improving the performance. The company involves itself in regular review of activities undertaken by kitchen management and comes up with new opportunities for handling energy consumption to have low capital cost (Australian Government, 2012). Hungry Jacks throughout the process sets goals and estimates the additional savings that it can make from identifying areas of improvement (Australian Government, 2012). Conclusion The primary intention of the report was to understand and analyse the management control system of Hungry Jacks and the organisational variables included in it. The mission of the company is to ensure that customers visiting at their place are offered with quality food and cleanliness. Moreover, Hungry Jacks in order to have better organisation culture implements four key values; giving maximum importance to visitors, ensuring their safety, enabling integrity and improving its performance consistently based on consumer requirements. The organisational structure has been found to be hierarchical where people responsibilities have been designed under departmental level; however, in order to support better communication among people an innovative work environment has been created through initiatives like College of Executive development (CED). Through responsibility centres section of the assignment it was identified that the yearly revenue earned by the fast food franchise enterprise o f Australia was nearly $1.03 billion with maximum contribution made by Hungry Jacks. It has 390 stores throughout different regions of Australia due to which entity could reach out larger consumer groups and earn greater profitability. The major overhead for expense includes raw materials and consumables where in 2013 the overall expense for the overhead was found to be nearly $435.8 million. While other expenses covers personnel remuneration, training and development and different marketing campaigns implemented by entity. For better control mechanism, the company is involved in good investment decisions, improved supply chain and food management and setting targets for better results. Personnel control in Hungry Jacks is managed through better recruitment, training and job designs. Companys strategic planning and budgeting process have helped it to be competitive in the market and better cost control mechanism. In order to have sustainability and increased profitability the compan y must continue enhancing its management control systems through better decision-making ability and policies. Reference list Armesh, H., Salarzehi, H. and Kord, B. (2010). Management Control System. Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business, 2(6), pp. 193-206. Australian Food and Grocery Council. (2014). Annual Compliance Report. [Online] Ifalliance. Available at: https://ifballiance.org/documents/2015/07/2014-rcmi-qsri-annual-compliance-report.pdf [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Australian Government. (2012). Public Report Template 2012. [online] Hungry Jacks Available at: https://www.hungryjacks.com.au/media/14972/sustainability.pdf [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Brettel, M., Chomik, C. and Flatten, T.C. (2015). How Organizational Culture Influences Innovativeness, Proactiveness, and Riskà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Taking: Fostering Entrepreneurial Orientation in SMEs.Journal of Small Business Management,53(4), pp.868-885. Charlton Media Group. (2016). Hungry Jack's launches their College of Executive Development. QSR Media. [online] Ap.1 Available at: https://qsrmedia.com.au/in-community/news/hungry-jacks-launches-their-college-executive-development [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Coenders, G., Bisbe, J., Saris, W.E. and Batista-Foguet, J.M. (2003). Moderating Effects of Management Control Systems and Innovation on Performance. Simple Methods for Correcting the Effects of Measurement Error for Interaction Effects in Small Samples. [online] Available at: https://www3.udg.edu/fcee/professors/gcoenders/n7.pdf [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Daft, R.L. (2011). Management. London: Cengage Learning. Daniels, J. (2007).International Business: Environments and Operations. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. Groucutt, J. and Hopkins, C. (2015).Marketing. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Hitt, M., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R. (2007). Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. 7 th Edition. London: Cengage Learning. Ho, J.L., Huang, C. and Wu, A. (2011). The Impact of Management Control Systems on Efficiency and Quality Performance- An Empirical Study of Taiwanese Correctional Institutions. Asia-Pacific Journals of Accounting and Economics, 18, pp.77-94. Hungry Jacks Pty Ltd. (2012). Privacy Policy Manual. [online] HR National Privacy Compliance. Available at: https://www.hungryjacksshakeandwin.com.au/images/pdf/privacy-policy.pdf [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Hungry Jacks. (2009). Hungry Jacks Australia Pty Ltd National Packaging Covenant 2008-2009 Annual Report. [online] Certivsem. Available at: https://certivsem2.wikispaces.com/file/view/Hungry+Jacks+Pty+Ltd+AR_08_09.pdf [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Hungry Jacks. (2016a) Our Menu.[online] Hungry Jacks Available at: https://www.hungryjacks.com.au/menu [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Hungry Jacks. (2016b). About Us. [online] Hungry Jacks. Available at: https://www.hungryjacksshakeandwin.com/about-us/ [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Hungry Jacks. (2016c). Working with us. [online] Hungry Jacks Available at: https://www.hungryjacks.com.au/careers/traineeship [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. IBIS World. (2016). Competitive Foods Australia Pty Ltd - Premium Company Report Australia. [online] IBIS World. Available at : https://www.ibisworld.com.au/car/default.aspx?entid=728 [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Jamil, C.Z.M. and Mohamed, R. (2013). The Effect of Management Control System on Performance Measurement System at Small Medium Hotel in Malaysia. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 4(4), pp. 202-208. McCleskey, J.A. (2014). Situational, Transformational, and Transactional Leadership and Leadership Development. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 5(4), pp. 117-130. Muogbo, U.S. (2014). The Impact of Strategic Management on Organisational Growth and Development (A Study of Selected Manufacturing Firms in Anambra State). Journal of Business and Management, 7(1), pp. 24-32. Papulova, Z. (2014). The Significance of Vision and Mission Development for Enterprises in Slovak Republic. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 2(1), pp.12-16. PayScale, Inc. (2016). Average Salary forHungry Jack's Pty LtdEmployees. [online] PayScale. Available at: https://www.payscale.com/research/AU/Employer=Hungry_Jack's_Pty_Ltd/Salary [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Phanuel, W. and Darbi, K. (2012). Of Mission and Vision Statements and Their Potential Impact on Employee Behaviour andAttitudes: The Case of A Public But Profit-Oriented Tertiary Institution. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(14), pp. 95-109. Titus, T. (2014). Hungry Jacks Owner tops $1bn Revenue. Business News. [online] Ap.1. Available at: https://www.businessnews.com.au/article/Hungry-Jacks-owner-tops-1bn-revenue [Accessed 21 Sept. 2016]. Young, S.T. (2010). Essentials of Operations Management. London: Sage.

Wi-Fi technology Essay Example

Wi-Fi technology Essay According to Mr. Paraskar, Wi-Fi technology has caught momentum in India in the last four years . In the year 2007, Wi-Fi spread widely in business and industrial sites. . Mr. Paraskar has been working in the cyber crime department for five years. He has come across various security problems in Wi-Fi networks such as hacking and received a large number of complaints based on this issue. Wi-Fi is used by most personal computer operating systems, video game consoles, laptops, smart phones and many other electronic devices. The popularity of this technology is increasing day by day and airports, hotels, restaurants are offering free Wi-Fi to attract customers and slowly Wi-Fi is replacing local area networks which require wires for connection to the internet. As far as security loopholes of Wi-Fi are concerned, many Wi-Fi users do not secure their Wi-Fi networks. This makes the Wi-Fi network accessible to any outsider who has a Wi-Fi enabled device anywhere near the Wi-Fi network. Mr. Paraskar said that hacking into Wi-Fi networks is a very serious issue and a great amount of damage can be caused as a result of compromise in Wi-Fi networks. We will write a custom essay sample on Wi-Fi technology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wi-Fi technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wi-Fi technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer People can hack into Wi-Fi networks which have highly confidential data which can be leaked and provided to outsiders or misused by the hackers. IP can be masqueraded and illicit acts can b carried out by hackers. Genuine innocent citizens can be penalized if their IP addresses are hijacked. It can cause a great amount of confusion in the law enforcing department if they do not have law enforcing mechanisms to check these kinds of terrorist actions. It is of vital importance to take security measures to prevent tapping and misuse of Wi-Fi . Passwords should be set by the owners when they establish the Wi-Fi networks so that outsiders cannot gain access to network and misuse it. The password should be changed from time to time and It should be ensured that no hacking is taking place. If there is any problem or case of hacking it should be immediately reported to the cyber crime department. Or use high orders of encryption so that tapping into these networks would become more difficult and this would make network more secure According to Mr. Paraskar The crime rate has almost doubled with the growth of Wi-Fi networks because of hacking and misuse of Wi-Fi. Networks by hackers and the other reason is that many people are not aware of Wi-Fi security and how to protect their networks from getting hacked Criterion O : Reflection on the interview Wi-Fi has spread widely in India in the last four years due to easy and convenient access to the internet without using local area network wires. There have been many problems related to Wi-Fi hacking in recent times. A lot of complaints have also been received because this technology has become very popular and is used in most electrical devices. The research based on the interview indicated that the main problem related to Wi-Fi hacking is that Wi-Fi networks are not secured by most users and this simplifies the hacking process for hackers. And this is a main loophole in Wi-Fi hacking. Compromise in securing Wi-Fi networks has caused a great amount of damage and led to leakage of secretive data , masquerading of websites and hacking of IP addresses leading to accusations on innocent citizens. An important observation that has been made is that security measures can be taken by using higher standards of encryption, setting passwords for networks and not broadcasting the SSID name. Criterion P: Projection of Broader Implications Based On The Interview Wi-Fi technology is slowly replacing local area networks because it provides wireless access to the internet and it is allows access from any place which has a Wi-Fi network unlike local area networks which can be used only in those places where LAN wires can be set up. The issue of Wi-Fi security is a controversial issue because there are high chances of innocent persons being accused committing cyber crimes because hackers misuse their IP address to commit criminal acts on the internet. Wi-Fi is gaining popularity and it is being widely used in airports, hotels, restaurants etc. therefore it is very important to take security measures in order to secure networks and prevent hacking of networks. Due to lack of experience and strong security measures Wi-Fi hacking is becoming more and more prominent. The large Wi-Fi systems at airports, hospitals should be password protected and so should small organizations to prevent misuse of their IP address by hackers. Higher methods of encryption should also be used to prevent hacking. SSID is the name of a wireless local area network and it is sent out by a router, SSID broadcasting should be turned off because if someone knows the SSID it is easier for them to gain access to your Wi-Fi network.

Why are political parties so strong in the United Kingdom yet so weak in the United States

Why are political parties so strong in the United Kingdom yet so weak in the United States Introduction The United States and United Kingdom are the largest democracies in the world hence they have variant political parties. A political party in any governing system is defined as an organization of people with similar political aims and opinions who seek to attain political influence in public policies through their representative being elected to the governing body (Medvic, 2009, p.120).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why are political parties so strong in the United Kingdom yet so weak in the United States? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Political parties are either funded by the government or individual party members depending on a country’s regulations. Irrespective of the fact that both United States and Great Britain have two dominant political parties, two legislative houses and a single executive, the political parties in both nations differ in their strength. The strength of political pa rties is determined by the amount of influence a party has on its members and the cohesion in the party. The political parties in the United States are much weaker than in the United Kingdom. In the US, politics are dominated by two major parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. Additionally, there are other smaller and weaker parties in the political scene. In the democracy of United Kingdom, there are three dominat political parties namely the Labour Party, the Conservative Party, and the Liberal Democrat Party currently led by Nick Clegg. However, there are other smaller political parties namely Independence Party and the Green Party. The roles of political parties include voicing the needs and concerns of their members and supporters, recruiting and training candidates for public office and socializing the citizens. This paper defines the significant difference in the strength of political parties in the United States and the United Kingdom. Moreover, it explores the factors that make political parties to be strong or weak in these countries. Political parties in the United States Political parties in the United States were not endorsed in the founding constitutions, since the intention of the Constitution and its founders was to have a triple balanced system of executive, judicial, and congressional powers. Factors that contributed to the establishment of the two-party system in the United States as the key type of system include historical foundations of the system, political socialization and practical considerations, the electoral system and the federal laws.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, there are no major requirements obligatory from the public in order to become a member of any political party (Schmidt, Shelley, Bardes, 2010, p.154). Scholars have noted that there is a decline in the strength of politic al parties compared with the past. Two party system in the United States The two-party system has dominated the United States political scene for a very long time. This could be one of the contributors to the weakening of smaller political parties in the country. People who wish to serve as president, congressional representative, state governor or state legislators have to use the two main parties, Democratic Party and the Republican Party, to increase their chances of wining. Electoral system The method of electing national and legislative representative promotes the dominance of two-party system. The structure of political parties in the United Kingdom is defined by the individual ideologies supported by each party, which their members endeavor to legislate; however, their counterparts in American lack ideologically cohesive and programmatic. The available resources for these dominant parties allow them to retain their dominance. Similarly, single member system operating in a sma ll constituency can weaken the general party by creating smaller local independent entities (Duverger, 1963, p.45). The involvement of political parties’ leaders in the selection of candidates of their political parties is very low in the United States. On the other hand the leaders of political parties in the UK have the role of choosing which candidates should represent their parties. Moreover, the United States political parties are not involved in campaigning for their chosen candidates therefore resulting to less influence on the candidates. The United Kingdom utilizes a system of proportional representation, where officials are elected, on the bases of the number of votes their parties receive in an election, which promotes strength of parties. In the United States, the election system is focused on the candidates compared to the United Kingdom model where election is party focused (Safran, 2003, p.34). Therefore, parties in the US are not perceived to be as important a s individual candidates. In party centered system, political parties are in charge of all resources while in candidate-centered system, the parties provide just a few resources to the candidates. Moreover, in the US, parties do not have the mandate of choosing the candidates to run under the party, rather, it is done by voters in preliminary voting.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why are political parties so strong in the United Kingdom yet so weak in the United States? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, the influence of parties is limited hence leading to their weakening. In contrast, the United Kingdom political parties determine the candidates to run under their parties based on their set regulation. Since the political parties in the US contribute minimal resources to the campaigning of their candidates, the party has less or minimal influence and cannot sanction the candidate if he wins (Safran, 200 3, p.34). However, the political parties in the United Kingdom have much influence on their candidates and they can sanction them since they contribute most of the resources that the candidates require. The electoral system, through preliminary election of party leaders, favors the linking candidates with their local supporters rather than creating a bond between the candidates and the party (Safran, 2003, p.34). Fundamentally, the electoral system is also weakening the ideologies of the political parties. Generally, direct primaries of selecting candidates have weakened political leaders as it takes away the rights and influence of the party. In the United Kingdom the parties have the obligation of selecting candidates that they wish to field for an election without external influence. Moreover, the party oversees the campaign of its candidates and in return, the party has ultimate control and influence. Campaigning The candidate-centered approach in the US reinforces campaign-fina ncing laws. The inclination of candidates funding most of the campaign is done at the expense of the party’s influence, as is the case in America. On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, parties retain their influence since they fund the campaigns of their candidates. The use of political consultants by political candidates has contribution to the decline of roles of political parties in America where the candidates are more inclined to listening to their consultants than the position of their party. However, consultants weaken the political parties through creating campaign atmosphere where they project individual candidates to the public at the expense of the party. Nevertheless, the public are more informed on candidates’ traits rather than the policies of the candidates’ parties (Best Radcliff, 2005, p.63). Moreover, political parties have failed to innovate, hence the need for outsourcing their duties to consultants. Some modern campaign tactics are weak ening the political parties. In the United Kingdom’s party-centered system, the campaign is geared to selling the party policies to the electorate whereas in America campaigns are focused on the candidates (Swanson Mancini, 1996, p.272).Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Legal factors Legal factors in the United States have contributed to the weakening of political parties (Wilson, 2008, p.124). The policy of cross filling has also undermined the strength of political parties in America. This practice, cross filling, allows individuals to be listed on more than one political party and can participate in primary ballots of all parties where they are registered (Sabato Ernst, 2006, p.88). The candidates who use this strategy aim at reducing competition, thus weakening political parties. This policy is still in effect in some states, which weakness the ideology. Moreover, the use of cross filling in the primaries resulted in reduction of political parties responsibilities. Moreover, voters in primary elections can influence nomination of their opposing party through crossover voting. These kinds of policies limit the influence of political parties on their candidates since they do not have the right to chose or vet candidates in their parties. Moreove r, the external interference in political parties through crossover voting weakens political parties in the US. Contrary to this, political parties in the United Kingdom do not have any interference from supporters of other parties; hence, they retain their objectivity in their core issues. The United States, through federal and state governments, closely regulates and it has decentralized the political parties. These actions of the government have contributed to weakening of political parties in America (Wilson, 2008, p.124). Political Action Committee (PACs) and special interest groups The decline of political parties can also be attributed to the rise of political action committees (PACs) in the elections in particular in fund raising. Candidates in the American political scene have their own PACs, which help them to collect funds for their political activities. Therefore, the candidates are more inclined to their committees than to the party, thus weakening party cohesion (Barde s, Shelley, Schmidt, 2008, p.248). However, political parties in the UK get finance from their membership contribution, donations i.e. from trade unions and the opposition parties also financed from the government kitty. Therefore, parties in UK are generally stronger than parties in US due to better finance availability. Moreover, funding of political parties from public kitty promotes internal unity among party members with in turn promote party cohesion. Subsequently, monies issued to support elections in the United States are given directly to the candidates. However, any money given to candidates tends to weaken the political parties, since the candidate becomes more independent and less reliant of the party. Conversely, public funding of political parties in the UK is channeled through the parties and not the candidates. Therefore, funding promotes part strength since the party leaders have leverage to induce their ideologies. Moreover, parties limit the amount of resources t hat an individual candidate can contribute to their campaign in order to protect the party’s influence. Additionally, political parties in American are influenced by their private donors, hence leading to partisan politics that decrease the strength of the party; however parties in the UK are less likely to be influenced since they do not over-rely on private donors for funding. Since action groups can access public support and resources, they have been undermining political parties that do not support their ideologies hence weakening of parties. Voters The social and political environment, in which the party operates, has a great impact on party cohesion. In addition, the development of an increase of number of independent voters has given rise to weakening of the political parties. Generally, a considerable number of voters in America are not registered in the two main political parties, thus the two key political parties have been declining in recent years. Further, the pa rticipation of voters in direct primaries to determine the candidate to run under a certain party weakens political parties (Sabato Ernst, 2006, p.110). Nevertheless, the political parties have not been able to attract public loyalty due to social changes. Furthermore, there is a trend of voters disengaging from party politics due to disappointments from political parties in the past. This is as a result of the fact that most American political parties are not engaged actively in their citizens’ lives, leading to high number of non-partisans. Conversely, the public in Europe and particularly in the United Kingdom are still inclined to party politics as they join and register in political parties, pay contributions to their parties and participate in party activities i.e. attending meetings (Wilson, 2008, p.125). Moreover, interest groups and citizen groups are competing with political parties for influence and loyalty among the citizens. However, party loyalty has declined s ince the inception of interest groups among the people in the United States. In deed, citizen action groups are actively replacing the role of political parties as a result of their weakening. Conclusion The United States and the UK have some dominant political parties and other smaller parties. Generally, the role of political parties in democracies is to educate the public on their civic rights and duties, to participate in influencing of public policies and recruiting and training candidates for public office. The strength of political parties is determined by the amount of influence a party has on its members and the cohesion in the party. However, there factors that undermine the strength of political parties namely rules and regulations, electoral systems, change of attitude among voters and modern campaigning techniques. Additionally, the rise of Political Action Committees and citizen interest groups has also undermined the strength of political parties especially in America . The United Kingdom has been able to retain the strength in its political parties due to the fact that they are able to control the selection and funding of their candidates. Moreover, the parties have restricted candidates from being independent from the party, hence creating reliance and influence. Through primary election in single-member district system, political parties in America have lost their influence in selection of candidates. Besides, a policy like cross filling of candidates during the direct primaries also contributes to the decline of parties (Shepherd, 2005, p.337). Further, the political parties in America are not funded by the government; rather, the candidates are funded directly. Consequently, this direct funding from the government makes the candidates independent from their parties. However, in the United Kingdom system, the government funds political parties directly, which in turn dispatch funds to their candidates. This mode of funding ensures that politi cal parties maintain their influence over their candidates, hence creating cohesion and party strength. References List Bardes, B., Shelley, M. Schmidt, S., 2008. American Government and Politics Today. Belmont: Cengage Learning. Best, S. Radcliff, B., 2005. Polling America: A-O. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. Duverger, M., 1963. Political Parties: Their Organization and Activities in the modern State. London: Taylor Francis. Medvic, S., 2009. Campaigns and elections: players and processes. Boston: Cengage Learning. Sabato, L. Ernst, H., 2006. Encyclopedia of American Political parties and elections. NY: Infobase Publishing. Safran, W., 2003. The Secular and the Sacred Nation: Nation, Religion and Politics. London: Taylor Francis. Schmidt, S., Shelley, M. and Bardes, B., 2010. American Government and Politics Today, 2010-2011. Boston: Cengage Learning. Shepherd, M. 2005. Mastering the National Admissions Test for Law. London: Routledge. Swanson, D. Mancini, P., 1996. Po litics, media, and modern democracy: an international study of innovations in electoral campaigning and their consequences. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. Wilson, J. Q., 2008. American Government. OH: Cengage Learning.

Scarlett letter essays

Scarlett letter essays In the novel, The scarlet letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hester Prynne arrives at colony where she is accused of adultery due to a love affair with minister Dimmesdale. As a result of this affair is their daughter Pearl. She is sentenced to wear a scarlet letter, which symbolizes her sin. The Puritan society turns her into an outsider due to her sinful action. The characters actions, throughout the text, convey the themes of hypocrisy and the inherent viciousness of the human spirit. One of the romantic elements that is used by Hawthorne, is the love between Hester Prynne and Mr. Dimmsdale. Knowing that their love is forbidden and looked down upon , they choose to follow their hearts and accepting the future consequences. The author acknowledges Hesters strength and bravery. She does not reveal her partners identity and decides to take the blame upon herself. Wondrous strength and generosity of a womans heart !She will not speak! (Pg48) Even though Hester is tortured by her feelings for Mr. Dimmsdale, she accepts and faces the consequences like a courages woman. Hester proves her courage when the chance to flee her sentence and remove the scarlet letter, is presented to her . If she would reveal her daughters father, all shame would be removed, but decides to see the letter as a moment of the past. However the Puritan society did not see Hester as a courages woman, they viewed her and her sin as a threat to the community that should be punished and suppressed. This woman has brought shame upon us all, and ought to die ...is there no virture in woman. (Pg36). Although they did not think about what feelings Hester had for her lover or her needs as a woman. They blame her blindley and their answer to Hester sin is to ostracize her. Although the puritan society does not acknowledged their love for each other. Both Hester and Dimmsdale have learned and grow ...

John Wayne Gacy Murder Trial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

John Wayne Gacy Murder Trial - Essay Example John Wayne Gacy was an American who was convicted of murder and sexual assaults. Evidence indicated that between 1972 and 1978, he murdered and sexually assaulted at least 33 young men and teenage boys. Due to his serial killing, he earned the tag â€Å"Killer Clown†. Also, evidence indicates that the defendant was living a double life; that of committing murders and that of engaging in political and charitable activities. Murder trials show that he was convicted of more murders than any other person in the American history. Based upon this historic murder trial, therefore, this paper will analyze the case and document and respond to a number of issues relating to the case (Mendenhall, 1996).   Since the offenses that the defendant committed were â€Å"unusual†, it is important to understand the specific psychological characteristics and patterns that might be inferred from him. The testimony that was made during the trial indicated that Gacy had psychological characteristics and patterns that to a greater extent depicted his atrocious actions. Those who worked for him testified that he was violent and in most cases showed an intention to commit sexual assaults; actually, they testified that they had survived sexual and violent encounters with him (Amirante and Broderick, 2011). Friends, family and his former employees also testified that Gacy had mood swings and was â€Å"awfully tricky†, a trait he used to succeed in handcuffing them. Most of the sixty witnesses who testified during trial took notice of these characteristics and patterns. Since such characteristics are often associated with the insane, this was not the case with Gacy as psychologists had confirmed that he was sane, and he committed the offenses while in sound mind. Psychologists and medical experts who testified for the defense agreed that he was very intelligent and generous.